Microstructure and Electrical Property of Ex-Situ and In-Situ Copper Titanium Carbide Nanocomposites
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Surekha, K.; Els-Botes, A. Development of high strength, high conductivity copper by friction stir processing. Mater. Des. 2011, 32, 911–916. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dinaharan, I.; Saravanakumar, S.; Kalaiselvan, K.; Gopalakrishnan, S. Microstructure and sliding wear characterization of Cu/TiB2 copper matrix composites fabricated via friction stir processing. J. Asian Ceram. Societies 2017, 5, 295–303. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Casati, R.; Vedani, M. Metal Matrix Composites Reinforced by Nano-Particles—A Review. Metals 2014, 4, 65–83. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nguyen Thi Hoang, O.; Nguyen Hoang, V.; Kim, J.-S.; Dudina, V.D. Structural Investigations of TiC–Cu Nanocomposites Prepared by Ball Milling and Spark Plasma Sintering. Metals 2017, 7, 123. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Thi Hoang Oanh, N.; Hoang Viet, N.; Kim, J.-S.; Moreira Jorge Junior, A. Characterization of In-Situ Cu–TiH2–C and Cu–Ti–C Nanocomposites Produced by Mechanical Milling and Spark Plasma Sintering. Metals 2017, 7, 117. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Celebi Efe, G.; Yener, T.; Altinsoy, I.; Ipek, M.; Zeytin, S.; Bindal, C. The effect of sintering temperature on some properties of Cu–SiC composite. J. Alloys Compd. 2011, 509, 6036–6042. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ramesh, M.; D, J.D.; Ravichandran, M. Investigation on Mechanical Properties and Wear Behaviour of Titanium Diboride Reinforced Composites. FME Trans. 2019, 47, 873–879. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Zuhailawati, H.; Yong, T.L. Consolidation of dispersion strengthened copper–niobium carbide composite prepared by in situ and ex situ methods. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 2009, 505, 27–30. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Awotunde, M.A.; Adegbenjo, A.O.; Obadele, B.A.; Okoro, M.; Shongwe, B.M.; Olubambi, P.A. Influence of sintering methods on the mechanical properties of aluminium nanocomposites reinforced with carbonaceous compounds: A review. J. Mater. Res. Technol. 2019, 8, 2432–2449. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Frage, N.; Froumin, N.; Rubinovich, L.; Dariel, M.P. Infiltrated TiC/Cu composites. In Powder Metallurgical High Performance Materials. Proceedings. Volume 1: High Performance P/M Metals, Proceedings of the 15th International Plansee Seminar, Reutte, Austria, May 2001; Kneringer, G., Roedhammer, P., Wildner, H., Eds.; Plansee AG: Reutte, Austria, 2001. [Google Scholar]
- Nemati, N.; Khosroshahi, R.; Emamy, M.; Zolriasatein, A. Investigation of microstructure, hardness and wear properties of Al–4.5wt.% Cu–TiC nanocomposites produced by mechanical milling. Mater. Des. 2011, 32, 3718–3729. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tjong, S.C.; Ma, Z.Y. Microstructural and mechanical characteristics of in situ metal matrix composites. Mater. Sci. Eng. R: Rep. 2000, 29, 49–113. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Takahashi, K.; Kagawa, T.; Tanaka, K.; Kihira, H.; Ushioda, K. Reduction of Contact Resistance on Titanium Sheet Surfaces by Formation of Titanium Carbide and Nitride, and its Stability in Sulfuric Acid Aqueous Solution. ISIJ Int. 2019, 59, 1621–1631. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Meaden, G.T. Electrical Resistance of Metals; Springer: Boston, MA, USA, 1965; p. 218. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hashmi, T.Q. Liquid State Methods of Producing Metal Matrix Composites: A Review Article. J. Res. Mech. Eng. Technol. 2014, 5, 103–106. [Google Scholar]
- Singh, V.K.; Sakshi, C.; Gope, P.C.; Chaudhary, A.K. Enhancement of Wettability of Aluminum Based Silicon Carbide Reinforced Particulate Metal Matrix Composite. High Temp. Mater. Processes 2015, 34, 163–170. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Alaneme, K.K.; Okotete, E.A.; Fajemisin, A.V.; Bodunrin, M.O. Applicability of metallic reinforcements for mechanical performance enhancement in metal matrix composites: a review. Arab J. Basic Appl. Sci. 2019, 26, 311–330. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Khoa, H.X.; Tuan, N.Q.; Lee, Y.H.; Lee, B.H.; Viet, N.H.; Kim, J.S. Fabrication of Fe-TiB2 Composite Powder by High-Energy Milling and Subsequent Reaction Synthesis. J. Korean Powder Metall. Inst. 2013, 20, 221–227. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Thandalam, S.K.; Ramanathan, S.; Sundarrajan, S. Synthesis, microstructural and mechanical properties of ex situ zircon particles (ZrSiO4) reinforced Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs): a review. J. Mater. Res. Technol. 2015, 4, 333–347. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Tuan, N.Q.; Khoa, H.X.; Viet, N.H.; Lee, Y.H.; Lee, B.H.; Kim, J.S. Fabrication of Fe-TiC Composite by High-Energy Milling and Spark-Plasma Sintering. J. Korean Powder Metall. Inst. 2013, 20, 338–344. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Viet, H.N.; Oanh, T.N.; Kim, J.-S.; Jorge, M.A. Crystallization Kinetics and Consolidation of Al82La10Fe4Ni4 Glassy Alloy Powder by Spark Plasma Sintering. Metals 2018, 8, 812. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Choi, P.P.; Kim, J.S.; Nguyen, O.T.H.; Kwon, D.H.; Kwon, Y.S.; Kim, J.C. Al-La-Ni-Fe bulk metallic glasses produced by mechanical alloying and spark-plasma sintering. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 2007, 449–451, 1119–1122. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Saheb, N.; Hayat, U.; Hassan, F.S. Recent Advances and Future Prospects in Spark Plasma Sintered Alumina Hybrid Nanocomposites. Nanomaterials 2019, 9, 1607. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Zhuang, J.; Liu, Y.; Cao, Z.; Li, Y. The Influence of Technological Process on Dry Sliding Wear Behaviour of Titanium Carbide Reinforcement Copper Matrix Composites. Mater. Trans 2010, 51, 2311–2317. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Islak, S.; Kır, D.; Buytoz, S. Effect of Sintering Temperature on Electrical and Microstructure Properties of Hot Pressed Cu-TiC Composites. Sci. Sintering 2014, 46, 15–21. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Matějíček, J.; Vilémová, M.; Veverka, J.; Kubásek, J.; Lukáč, F.; Novák, P.; Preisler, D.; Stráský, J.; Weiss, Z. On the Structural and Chemical Homogeneity of Spark Plasma Sintered Tungsten. Metals 2019, 9, 879. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Yang, Y.F.; Mu, D.K. Rapid dehydrogenation of TiH2 and its effect on formation mechanism of TiC during self-propagation high-temperature synthesis from TiH2–C system. Powder Technol. 2013, 249, 208–211. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Long, B.D.; Othman, R.; Umemoto, M.; Zuhailawati, H. Spark plasma sintering of mechanically alloyed in situ copper–niobium carbide composite. J. Alloys Compd. 2010, 505, 510–515. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pierson, H.O. 6 - Carbides of Group VI: Chromium, Molybdenum, and Tungsten Carbides. In Handbook of Refractory Carbides and Nitrides; Pierson, H.O., Ed.; William Andrew Publishing: Westwood, NJ, USA, 1996; pp. 100–117. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sousa, T.G.; Moura, I.A.d.B.; Garcia Filho, F.D.C.; Monteiro, S.N.; Brandão, L.P. Combining severe plastic deformation and precipitation to enhance mechanical strength and electrical conductivity of Cu–0.65Cr–0.08Zr alloy. J. Mater. Res. Technol. 2020. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Venugopal, T.; Prasad Rao, K.; Murty, B.S. Mechanical and electrical properties of Cu–Ta nanocomposites prepared by high-energy ball milling. Acta Mater. 2007, 55, 4439–4445. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Buytoz, S.; Dagdelen, F.; Islak, S.; Kok, M.; Kir, D.; Ercan, E. Effect of the TiC content on microstructure and thermal properties of Cu–TiC composites prepared by powder metallurgy. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 2014, 117, 1277–1283. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, J.; Zhou, Y.C. Microstructure, mechanical, and electrical properties of Cu–Ti3AlC2 and in situ Cu–TiCx composites. J. Mater. Res. 2008, 23, 924–932. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- M, K.; G, A. Investigation of Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Cu Matrix TiC Reinforced Composites. Sch. J. Eng. Tech. 2018, 6, 58–63. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Long, B.D.; Othman, R.; Zuhailawati, H.; Umemoto, M. Comparison of Two Powder Processing Techniques on the Properties of Cu-NbC Composites. Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2014, 2014, 160580. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
Composite | Concentration, wt. % | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cu | Ti | C | Fe | O | |
Cu-TiC (1 vol. % TiC) | 94.56 | 0.71 | 0.74 | 0.60 | 3.39 |
Cu-TiC (3 vol. % TiC) | 91.50 | 2.31 | 1.13 | 0.70 | 4.36 |
Cu-TiC (5 vol. % TiC) | 89.41 | 3.53 | 4.89 | 0.81 | 4.27 |
Cu-TiH2-C (5 vol. % TiC) | 88.88 | 3.32 | 5.63 | 0.73 | 1.44 |
Composition | Relative Density (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|
600 °C | 700 °C | 950 °C | |
Cu-TiC (1 vol. %TiC) | 97.1 | 96.4 | - |
Cu-TiC (3 vol. %TiC) | 96.2 | 95.2 | - |
Cu-TiC (5 vol. % TiC) | 95.4 | 96.5 | - |
Cu-TiH2-C (5 vol. % TiC) | 94.2 | 95.0 | 97.2 |
Composition | Hardness, HV | ||
---|---|---|---|
600 °C | 700 °C | 950 °C | |
Cu-TiC (1 vol. %TiC) | 161.4 | 145 | - |
Cu-TiC (3 vol. %TiC) | 171.2 | 168.5 | - |
Cu-TiC (5 vol. % TiC) | 178.5 | 181.6 | - |
Cu-TiH2-C (5 vol. % TiC) | 175.8 | 178.2 | 206.5 |
Composition | Electrical Conductivity (%IACS) | ||
---|---|---|---|
600 °C | 700 °C | 950 °C | |
Cu-TiC (1 vol. %TiC) | 52.1 | - | - |
Cu-TiC (3 vol. %TiC) | 49.5 | - | - |
Cu-TiC (5 vol. %TiC) | 47.6 | 51 | - |
Cu-TiH2-C (5 vol. % TiC) | 45.5 | 47.2 | 54.8 |
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Viet, N.H.; Oanh, N.T.H. Microstructure and Electrical Property of Ex-Situ and In-Situ Copper Titanium Carbide Nanocomposites. Metals 2020, 10, 735. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10060735
Viet NH, Oanh NTH. Microstructure and Electrical Property of Ex-Situ and In-Situ Copper Titanium Carbide Nanocomposites. Metals. 2020; 10(6):735. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10060735
Chicago/Turabian StyleViet, Nguyen Hoang, and Nguyen Thi Hoang Oanh. 2020. "Microstructure and Electrical Property of Ex-Situ and In-Situ Copper Titanium Carbide Nanocomposites" Metals 10, no. 6: 735. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10060735