Research Article
Biocontrol potential of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) HBH hybrid strain against the beet webworm, Loxostege sticticalis L., 1761 (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Abstract
With limits on the use of pesticides, biological control has become increasingly important. Consequently, entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) are now used widely in biological control. EPNs can potentially be used against beet webworm, Loxostege sticticalis L., 1761 (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), which established in sunflower-growing areas in Türkiye in 2022. Therefore, the hybrid EPN strain, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) HBH, was assessed for this purpose. The study was conducted in Bursa Uludağ University, Faculty of Agriculture, Plant Protection Department, Nematology Laboratory in 2022. Four nematode doses (2, 5, 10 and 20 IJs) were applied to the last instars of L. sticticalis at three temperatures (20, 25 and 30°C). The highest mortality was 97% with 20 IJs dose nematodes at 30°C. LD50 and LD90 of the nematode were determined at all tested temperatures. The lowest LD50 and LD90 were at 30°C; 4.37 and 11.0 IJs, respectively. These results indicated that the HBN strain has potential for control of L. sticticalis.
Supporting Institution
TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye)
Project Number
219O370
Thanks
This study was financially supported by the TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye), Project number: 219O370. Dr. Tufan Can Ulu is thanked for statistical support.
References
- Barzman, M., P. Bàrberi, E. N. A. Birch, P. Boonekamp, S. Dachbrodt-Saaydeh, B. Graf, B. Hommel, J. E. Jensen, J. Kiss, P. Kudsk, J. R. Lamichhane, A. Messêan, A. C. Moonen, A. Ratnadass, P. Ricci, J. L. Sarah & M. Sattin, 2015. Eight principles of integrated pest management. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 35 (4): 1199-1215.
- Boemare, N., C. Laumond & H. Mauleon, 1996. The entomopathogenic nematode-bacterium complex: Biology, life cycle and vertebrate safety. Biocontrol Science & Technology, 6 (3): 333-346.
- Cheng, Y., L. Luo, T. W. Sappington, X. Jiang, L. Zhang, A. N. Frolov & J. Hull, 2016. Onset of oviposition triggers abrupt reduction in migratory flight behavior and flight muscle in the female beet webworm Loxostege sticticalis. PLoS ONE, 11 (11): e0166859.
- Ehlers, R. U., 1996. Current and future use of nematodes in biocontrol: Practice and commercial aspects in regard to regulatory policies. Biocontrol Science & Technology, 6 (3): 303-316.
- Fitters, P. F. L., R. Dunne & C. T. Griffin, 2001. Vine Weevil Control in Ireland with Entomopathogenic Nematodes: Optimal Time and Frequency of Application. Irish Journal of Agriculture & Food Research, 40 (2): 199-213.
- Frolov, A. N., 2015. The beet webworm Loxostege sticticalis L. (Lepidoptera, Crambidae) in the focus of agricultural entomology objectives: I. The periodicity of pest outbreaks. Entomological Review, 95 (2): 147-156.
- Gaugler, R., 2002. Entomopathogenic Nematology. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK, 394 pp.
- Glazer, I., 2002. “Survival Biology, 169-187”. In: Entomopathogenic Nematology (Ed. R. Gaugler). CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 394 pp.
- Kaya, H. K. & P. Stock, 1997. “Techniques in Insect Nematology, 281-324”. In: Manual of Techniques in Insect Pathology (Ed. A. Lawrence), Academic Press, 409 pp.
- Kong, H., L. Luo, X. Jiang & L. Zhang, 2010. Effects of larval density on flight potential of the Beet webworm, Loxostege sticticalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Environmental Entomology, 39 (5): 1579-1585.
- Lacey, L. A., D. Grzywacz, I. D. Shapiro-Ilan, R. Frutos, M. Brownbridge & M. S. Goettel, 2015. Insect pathogens as biological control agents: back to the future. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 132 (2015): 1-41.
- Lizhi, L., L. Chaoliang & J. Xingfu, 2016. Developmental and reproductive aspects of parasitoid wasp, Orgilus ischnus and its bio-control potentials to Loxostege sticticalis. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 32 (4): 421-427.
- Lizhi, L., H. Shaozhe & J. Xingfu, 2009. Characteristics and causes for the outbreaks of beet webworm, Loxostege sticticalis in northern China during 2008. Plant Protection, 35 (1): 27-33.
- Luo, L. Z., 2004. The first generation of Loxostege sticticalis will be outbreak in China. Plant Protection (Beijing), 30 (3): 86-88.
- Luo, L., Y. Cheng, X. Jiang & L. Zhang, 2018. Hymenopteran parasitoids attacking the beet webworm, Loxostege sticticalis in China. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 34 (3): 327-335.
- Malysh, J. M., A. E. Chertkova & S. Y. Tokarev, 2021. The microsporidium Nosema pyrausta as a potent microbial control agent of the beet webworm Loxostege sticticalis. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 186: 107675. doi: 10.1016/j.jip.2021.107675.
- Malysh, J. M., A. N. Ignatieva, K. S. Artokhin, A. N. Frolov & Y. S. Tojarev, 2018. Natural infection of the beet webworm Loxostege sticticalis L. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) with three Microsporidia and host switching in Nosema ceranae. Parasitology Research, 117 (9): 3039-3044.
- Marchand, P. A. & D. Robin, 2019. Evolution of directive (EC) No 128/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework for community action to achieve the sustainable use of pesticides. Journal of Regulatory Science, 7 (2019): 1-7.
- Mukuka, J., O. Strauch, L. Waeyenberge, N. Viaene, M. Moens & R. U. Ehlers, 2010. Heat tolerance among different strains of the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. BioControl, 55 (3): 423-434.
- Pepper, J. H., 1938. The effect of certain climatic factors on the distribution of the beet webworm (Loxostege sticticalis L.) in North America. Ecology, 19 (4): 565-571.
- Şahin, Y. S., A. Bouchari, T. C. Ulu, B. Sadıc & I. A. Susurluk, 2018. New application method for entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar, 1976) (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) HBH strain against Locusta migratoria (Linnaeus, 1758) (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Turkish Journal of Entomology, 42 (4): 305-312.
- Şahin, Y. S. & I. A. Susurluk, 2020. The Control of Turkestan cockroach Blatta lateralis (Dictyoptera: Blattidae) by the Entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora HBH (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) Using Hydrophilic Fabric Trap. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 7 (2): 375-380.
- Savary, S., A. Ficke, J. Aubertot & C. Hollier, 2012. Crop losses due to diseases and their implications for global food production losses and food security. Food Security, 4 (4): 519- 537.
- Susurluk, A., 2008. Potential of the entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema feltiae, S. weiseri and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora for the biological control of the sugar beet weevil Bothynoderes punctiventris (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Journal of Pest Science, 81 (4): 221-225.
- Susurluk, A. & R. U. Ehlers, 2008. Field persistence of the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora in different crops. BioControl, 53 (4): 627-641.
- Tammaru, T., K. Ruohomäki & M. Montola, 2000. Crowding-induced plasticity in Epirrita autumnata (Lepidoptera: Geometridae): weak evidence of specific modifications in reaction norms. Oikos, 90 (1): 171-181.
- Ulu, T. C., B. Sadic, I. A. Susurluk & T. Aksit, 2015. Virulence of four entomopathogenic nematode species for plum sawfly, Hoplocampa flava L. (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). Invertebrate Survival Journal, 12 (1): 274-277.
- Ulu, T. C. & I. A. Susurluk, 2014. Heat and desiccation tolerances of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora strains and relationships between their tolerances and some bioecological characteristics. Invertebrate Survival Journal, 11 (1): 4-10.
- van der Blom, J., A. Robledo, S. Torres & A. J. Sánchez, 2009. Consequences of the wide scale implementation of biological control in greenhouse horticulture in Almeria, Spain. IOBC/WPRS Bulletin, 49: 9-13.
- Yajie, S. & C. Ruilu, 1995. Migration, occurrent region and life-history of meadow moth Loxostege sticticalis. L in China. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 10 (4): 86-91.
- Yue, Z. D. & Y. Yuan, 1983. A preliminary analysis of the outbreak source and condition for the beet webworm, Loxostege sticticalis in Jilin province. Journal of Jilin Agricultural Sciences, 3: 78-81.
Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) hibrit HBH ırkının ayçiçeği çayır tırtılı, Loxostege sticticalis L., 1761 (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)’e karşı biyolojik mücadele potansiyeli
Abstract
Pestisit kullanımının sınırlandırılması ile birlikte buna alternatif olan biyolojik mücadele giderek daha önemli hale gelmiştir. Bu nedenle, 2022 yılında Türkiye'de ayçiçeği tarlalarında ayçiçeği yetiştirilen tarım alanlarında istilaya neden olan çayır tırtılı, Loxostege sticticalis L., 1761 (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) zararlısına karşı EPN'lerin potansiyel olarak kullanılabileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmada Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) hibrit ırkı HBH kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışma 2022 yılında Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Bitki Koruma Bölümü, Nematoloji Laboratuvarı’nda yürütülmüştür. Bu çalışmada 4 farklı nematod dozu (2, 5, 10 ve 20 IJs), böceğin son dönem larvası üzerine üç farklı sıcaklıkta (20, 25 ve 30°C) uygulanmıştır. Sonuçlara göre, en yüksek ölüm oranı %97 olarak 20 IJs doz nematod yoğunluğunda 30°C’de elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca, HBH hibrit ırkının LD50 ve LD90 değerleri uygulamada kullanılan tüm sıcaklık değerlerinde belirlenmiştir. En etkili LD50 ve LD90 değeri sırasıyla 4.37 ve 11.0 IJs olarak 30°C’de gözlenmiştir. Sonuçlar, bu HBH ırkın L. sticticalis’ye karşı potansiyel bir ajan olabileceğini göstermiştir.
Project Number
219O370
References
- Barzman, M., P. Bàrberi, E. N. A. Birch, P. Boonekamp, S. Dachbrodt-Saaydeh, B. Graf, B. Hommel, J. E. Jensen, J. Kiss, P. Kudsk, J. R. Lamichhane, A. Messêan, A. C. Moonen, A. Ratnadass, P. Ricci, J. L. Sarah & M. Sattin, 2015. Eight principles of integrated pest management. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 35 (4): 1199-1215.
- Boemare, N., C. Laumond & H. Mauleon, 1996. The entomopathogenic nematode-bacterium complex: Biology, life cycle and vertebrate safety. Biocontrol Science & Technology, 6 (3): 333-346.
- Cheng, Y., L. Luo, T. W. Sappington, X. Jiang, L. Zhang, A. N. Frolov & J. Hull, 2016. Onset of oviposition triggers abrupt reduction in migratory flight behavior and flight muscle in the female beet webworm Loxostege sticticalis. PLoS ONE, 11 (11): e0166859.
- Ehlers, R. U., 1996. Current and future use of nematodes in biocontrol: Practice and commercial aspects in regard to regulatory policies. Biocontrol Science & Technology, 6 (3): 303-316.
- Fitters, P. F. L., R. Dunne & C. T. Griffin, 2001. Vine Weevil Control in Ireland with Entomopathogenic Nematodes: Optimal Time and Frequency of Application. Irish Journal of Agriculture & Food Research, 40 (2): 199-213.
- Frolov, A. N., 2015. The beet webworm Loxostege sticticalis L. (Lepidoptera, Crambidae) in the focus of agricultural entomology objectives: I. The periodicity of pest outbreaks. Entomological Review, 95 (2): 147-156.
- Gaugler, R., 2002. Entomopathogenic Nematology. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK, 394 pp.
- Glazer, I., 2002. “Survival Biology, 169-187”. In: Entomopathogenic Nematology (Ed. R. Gaugler). CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 394 pp.
- Kaya, H. K. & P. Stock, 1997. “Techniques in Insect Nematology, 281-324”. In: Manual of Techniques in Insect Pathology (Ed. A. Lawrence), Academic Press, 409 pp.
- Kong, H., L. Luo, X. Jiang & L. Zhang, 2010. Effects of larval density on flight potential of the Beet webworm, Loxostege sticticalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Environmental Entomology, 39 (5): 1579-1585.
- Lacey, L. A., D. Grzywacz, I. D. Shapiro-Ilan, R. Frutos, M. Brownbridge & M. S. Goettel, 2015. Insect pathogens as biological control agents: back to the future. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 132 (2015): 1-41.
- Lizhi, L., L. Chaoliang & J. Xingfu, 2016. Developmental and reproductive aspects of parasitoid wasp, Orgilus ischnus and its bio-control potentials to Loxostege sticticalis. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 32 (4): 421-427.
- Lizhi, L., H. Shaozhe & J. Xingfu, 2009. Characteristics and causes for the outbreaks of beet webworm, Loxostege sticticalis in northern China during 2008. Plant Protection, 35 (1): 27-33.
- Luo, L. Z., 2004. The first generation of Loxostege sticticalis will be outbreak in China. Plant Protection (Beijing), 30 (3): 86-88.
- Luo, L., Y. Cheng, X. Jiang & L. Zhang, 2018. Hymenopteran parasitoids attacking the beet webworm, Loxostege sticticalis in China. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 34 (3): 327-335.
- Malysh, J. M., A. E. Chertkova & S. Y. Tokarev, 2021. The microsporidium Nosema pyrausta as a potent microbial control agent of the beet webworm Loxostege sticticalis. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 186: 107675. doi: 10.1016/j.jip.2021.107675.
- Malysh, J. M., A. N. Ignatieva, K. S. Artokhin, A. N. Frolov & Y. S. Tojarev, 2018. Natural infection of the beet webworm Loxostege sticticalis L. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) with three Microsporidia and host switching in Nosema ceranae. Parasitology Research, 117 (9): 3039-3044.
- Marchand, P. A. & D. Robin, 2019. Evolution of directive (EC) No 128/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework for community action to achieve the sustainable use of pesticides. Journal of Regulatory Science, 7 (2019): 1-7.
- Mukuka, J., O. Strauch, L. Waeyenberge, N. Viaene, M. Moens & R. U. Ehlers, 2010. Heat tolerance among different strains of the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. BioControl, 55 (3): 423-434.
- Pepper, J. H., 1938. The effect of certain climatic factors on the distribution of the beet webworm (Loxostege sticticalis L.) in North America. Ecology, 19 (4): 565-571.
- Şahin, Y. S., A. Bouchari, T. C. Ulu, B. Sadıc & I. A. Susurluk, 2018. New application method for entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar, 1976) (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) HBH strain against Locusta migratoria (Linnaeus, 1758) (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Turkish Journal of Entomology, 42 (4): 305-312.
- Şahin, Y. S. & I. A. Susurluk, 2020. The Control of Turkestan cockroach Blatta lateralis (Dictyoptera: Blattidae) by the Entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora HBH (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) Using Hydrophilic Fabric Trap. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 7 (2): 375-380.
- Savary, S., A. Ficke, J. Aubertot & C. Hollier, 2012. Crop losses due to diseases and their implications for global food production losses and food security. Food Security, 4 (4): 519- 537.
- Susurluk, A., 2008. Potential of the entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema feltiae, S. weiseri and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora for the biological control of the sugar beet weevil Bothynoderes punctiventris (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Journal of Pest Science, 81 (4): 221-225.
- Susurluk, A. & R. U. Ehlers, 2008. Field persistence of the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora in different crops. BioControl, 53 (4): 627-641.
- Tammaru, T., K. Ruohomäki & M. Montola, 2000. Crowding-induced plasticity in Epirrita autumnata (Lepidoptera: Geometridae): weak evidence of specific modifications in reaction norms. Oikos, 90 (1): 171-181.
- Ulu, T. C., B. Sadic, I. A. Susurluk & T. Aksit, 2015. Virulence of four entomopathogenic nematode species for plum sawfly, Hoplocampa flava L. (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). Invertebrate Survival Journal, 12 (1): 274-277.
- Ulu, T. C. & I. A. Susurluk, 2014. Heat and desiccation tolerances of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora strains and relationships between their tolerances and some bioecological characteristics. Invertebrate Survival Journal, 11 (1): 4-10.
- van der Blom, J., A. Robledo, S. Torres & A. J. Sánchez, 2009. Consequences of the wide scale implementation of biological control in greenhouse horticulture in Almeria, Spain. IOBC/WPRS Bulletin, 49: 9-13.
- Yajie, S. & C. Ruilu, 1995. Migration, occurrent region and life-history of meadow moth Loxostege sticticalis. L in China. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 10 (4): 86-91.
- Yue, Z. D. & Y. Yuan, 1983. A preliminary analysis of the outbreak source and condition for the beet webworm, Loxostege sticticalis in Jilin province. Journal of Jilin Agricultural Sciences, 3: 78-81.
There are 31 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | 219O370 |
| Early Pub Date | October 17, 2022 |
| Publication Date | January 7, 2023 |
| Submission Date | August 15, 2022 |
| Acceptance Date | October 10, 2022 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2022 Volume: 46 Issue: 4 |
