Abstract
Spherical magnetite nanoparticles were employed in the almost all magnetic based drug delivery studies. But as we all know the shape of employed particles is one of the major deterministic properties that can significantly affect the physicochemical and biological features of nanostructures and so can fluctuate efficiency of drug delivery. However, it is worthy of consideration that so far no study has investigated the effect of the shape of nanoparticles in drug delivery. To some extent this deficiency in publications may be due to the fact that the synthesis of other forms of magnetite nanoparticles is not as developed as spherical nanoparticles. But recent experiments paved the way for the synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles specially magnetite nanorods (MNRs). So, for the first time, in the current experiment magnetite nanospheres (MNSs) and MNRs were compared in the potential for drug delivery. Chitosan is a natural and biocompatible compound that widely employed as coating material for the fabrication of anticancer drug nano-carriers. So in the present study this carbohydrate was chosen as coating material for the magnetic nanostructures. MNSs were synthesized via a co-precipitation reaction, and MNRs were obtained from the chemical reduction of iron oxide hydroxide (FeOOH) nanorods. Both nanostructures were loaded with methotrexate (MTX), and the release of the drug was measured. The chitosan-coated MNSs (C@MNSs) were 7–18 nm in diameter, and the chitosan-coated MNRs (C@MNRs) were 5–21 nm in width and 29–108 nm in length and had a porous structure. The C@MNSs had a magnetic saturation of ∼80 emu/g, whereas that for the C@MNRs was ∼45 emu/g. The synthesized nanostructures exhibited low toxicity and were able to release the drug inside the cells. The findings of this study demonstrate the suitability of C@MNRs as an alternative to spherical nano-carriers for the efficient and contained delivery of anticancer drugs to designated target cells.
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Research ethics: It is declared that any animal or human studies were performed in this experiment and there is any ethical issue to report.
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Author contributions: Seyedeh-Masoumeh Taghizadeh; Manuscript draft preparation and experimental studies for loading and release tests, graphical art works. Neha Lal; Manuscript preparation, data analysis and formatting, graphical art works. Mahboubeh Karami-Darehnaranji; Experimental studies for the synthesis of nanostructures. Reza Heydari & Azadeh Hamedi; Experimental studies for the cellular experiments. Esmaeil Mirzaei and Amir Azadi; Developing the theory and providing experimental procedures, Aydin Berenjian; Supervision, revision and proof reading, Alireza Ebrahiminezhad; Grant owner, supervision, developing the theory and providing experimental procedures, experimental studies for characterization of nanoparticles, manuscript edition.
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Competing interests: The authors declared that there is no competing interest.
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Research funding: This experimental study was financially supported by Shiraz University of medical sciences, Shiraz, Iran under grant No. 20540. The authors were also grateful to The University of Waikato, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand and Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA for their constrictive collaborations.
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Data availability: The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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Supplementary Material
This article contains supplementary material (https://doi.org/10.1515/zpch-2023-0389).
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