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The role of early life nutrition in programming of reproductive function

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 August 2013

S. Chadio  and
B. Kotsampasi
S. Chadio*
Affiliation:
Department of Anatomy and Physiology of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
B. Kotsampasi
Affiliation:
Animal Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DEMETER, Giannitsa, Greece
*
*Address for correspondence: Dr S. Chadio, Department of Anatomy and Physiology of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75, Iera odos, 11855 Athens, Greece. (Email shad@aua.gr)
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Abstract

Accumulating evidence suggest that the concept of programming can also be applied to reproductive development and function, representing an ever expanding research area. Recently issues such as peri- or even preconceptional nutrition, transgenerational effects and underlying mechanisms have received considerable attention. The present chapter presents the existed evidence and reviews the available data from numerous animal and human studies on the effects of early life nutritional environment on adult reproductive function. Specific outcomes depend on the severity, duration and stage of development when nutritional perturbations are imposed, while sex-specific effects are also manifested. Apart from undernutrition, effects of relative overnutrition as well as the complex interactions between pre- and postnatal nutrition is of high importance, especially in the context of our days obesity epidemic. Mechanisms underlying reproductive programming are yet unclear, but may include a role for epigenetic modifications. Epigenetic modulation of critical genes involved in the control of reproductive function and potential intergenerational effects represent an exciting area of interdisciplinary research toward the development of new nutritional approaches during pre- and postnatal periods to ensure reproductive health in later life.

Keywords

early nutritionepigeneticsprogrammingreproduction
Type
Review
Information
Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease , Volume 5 , Issue 1 , February 2014 , pp. 2 - 15
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press and the International Society for Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 2013 

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