Abstract
Drug discovery and development for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are complex and challenging due to the higher failure rate in the drug development process. The overproduction and deposition of Aβ senile plaque and intracellular neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) formation are well-recognized diagnostic hallmarks of AD. Numerous transgenic models of Alzheimer’s disease have restrictions on cost-effectiveness and time in the preclinical setup. Zebrafish has emerged as an excellent complementary model for neurodegenerative research due to simpler organisms with robust, clearly visible behavior forms. Glutaminergic and cholinergic pathways responsible for learning and memory are present in zebrafish and actively participate in the transmission process. Therefore, it is imperative to study neurotoxic agents’ mechanisms that induce dysfunction of memory, learning, and neurons in the zebrafish. This review illustrates the in-depth molecular mechanism of several neurotoxic agents such as okadaic acid, cigarette smoke extract, and metals to produce cognitive deficits or neurodegeneration similar to mammals. These updates would determine an ideal and effective neurotoxic agent for producing AD pathophysiology in the zebrafish brain for preclinical screening.
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Acknowledgements
I would like to thank SPPSPTM, SVKM’s NMIMS University, Mumbai, for their support.
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Highlights
• Zebrafish recognizes in the field of neurodegeneration research.
• Glutaminergic and cholinergic pathways are present in the zebrafish brain.
• Zebrafish share similar neurodegenerative pathophysiology with mammals.
• Okadaic acid and certain metals can produce similar pathology in zebrafish.
• The selection of chemicals is essential to mimic Alzheimer’s disease pathology.
• It could be a promising tool for modeling neurotoxin-induced Alzheimer’s disease.
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Thawkar, B.S., Kaur, G. Zebrafish as a Promising Tool for Modeling Neurotoxin-Induced Alzheimer’s Disease. Neurotox Res 39, 949–965 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12640-021-00343-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12640-021-00343-z