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Property of mud and its application in cosmetic and medical fields: a review

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Abstract

Mud is a semi-colloidal substance formed by the mixture of inorganic, organic and water under the influence of various physical and chemical factors through geological and biological processes. The chemical composition of mud is complex, rich in Ca2+, Zn2+, Mg2+, Na+ and other mineral elements, also contains organic matter such as humic acid, fulvic acid and acetic acid. In cosmetic field, mud can improve the activity of glutathione enzyme and superoxide dismutase in skin, which helps the skin anti-aging. Besides, it also can improve the skin microbial community, due to its distinctively physical properties, mineral ions, microorganisms, etc. In medical field, mud can treat osteoarthritis, especially knee osteoarthritis which has been studied extensively, and it can also increase the chemotaxis of macrophages. On the one hand, the use of clay (a kind of refined mud) can protect the gastrointestinal tract and treat some gastrointestinal diseases. On the other hand, clay is often used as carriers or composites in drug delivery, especially in skin drug delivery, showing very positive results. The purpose of this review is to present an overview of current knowledge about the application of mud in cosmetic and medical fields and to provide ideas for further research in mud.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Ruonan Li and Ning Yang for their linguistic assistance during the preparation of this manuscript.

Funding

This work was supported by the Special Project of Tianjin Zhongyang-Guiding-Difang Science and Technology Development (20ZYCGSN00010).

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  1. Xiaojing Tian and Yafei Zhang contributed to the work equally and should be regarded as co-first authors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People’s Republic of China

    Xiaojing Tian, Yafei Zhang, Yuzhen Jiao, Qiuli Wang, Yumeng Zhang, Ning Ma & Wenhang Wang

  2. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining, 810007, People’s Republic of China

    Haichao Li

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  1. Xiaojing Tian
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Contributions

XT and YZ contributed equally to writing original draft, investigation and formal analysis. HL, YJ and QW contributed to manuscript editing and revising, resources and project administration. YZ helped perform the analysis and the preparation of the manuscript in format and citations. NM contributed to drawing the pictures. WW helped perform the analysis with constructive discussions.

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Correspondence to Wenhang Wang.

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Tian, X., Zhang, Y., Li, H. et al. Property of mud and its application in cosmetic and medical fields: a review. Environ Geochem Health 44, 4235–4251 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-022-01228-6

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