Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Xylopia aethiopica Fruit on Cadmium-induced Inflammatory Changes and Dyslipidemic Rats
Peter Folorunsho Ayodele *
Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria and Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Salem University, Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria.
Dorcas Ibukun Akinloye
Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.
Adio Jaimiu Akamo
Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.
David Adejare Agboola
Department of Pure and Applied Botany, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.
Oluseyi Adeboye Akinloye
Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
The extensive utilization of cadmium (Cd) in industry is a major cause of environmental health menace to humans and animals. This study was to investigate the protective effects of Xylopia aethiopica fruit ethanol extract (XAFEE) on cadmium-induced inflammation and dyslipidemia in male albino rats. Thirty albino rats weighing 120–180 g were randomly selected into six groups (n = 5). A: control rats (administered distilled water only), B: Cd alone group (10 mg/ kg bw), C: Cd + 150 mg/kgbw XAFEE, D: Cd + 300 mg/kgbw XAFEE, E: 150 mg/kgbw XAFEE and F: 300 mg /kgbw XAFEE group. After 2-week acclimatization and 21 days of the experiment, blood sample was collected via cardiac puncture. Changes in tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin 10 (IL-10), total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TAG), phospholipids and free fatty acids (FFAs) concentrations in serum were determined. The results of the present study indicated that Cd exposure remarkably increased (p < 0.05) the TC, TAG, phospholipids, FFAs and TNF-α concentrations, and significantly decreased IL-10 concentration (p < 0.05) compared with control. These findings suggest that inflammatory changes and alterations in lipid metabolism might be one of the mechanisms underlying the subtle effects of Cd-induced inflammation and dyslipidemia. XAFEE expressed protective role against the toxic influence of Cd on affected parameters. The results raised the possibility of Xylopia aethiopica fruit being considered as a condiment in soup, local drinks, supplements or herbs preparations in areas where people have chances to Cd exposure, occupationally or environmentally.
Keywords: Medicinal plant, spices, condiment, anti-dyslipidemic effect and Cd toxicity.