食品科学

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腐乳发酵过程挥发性风味成分的变化

卢 靖,刘 平,张丽珠,车振明*   

  1. 西华大学生物工程学院,四川 成都 610039
  • 出版日期:2014-08-25 发布日期:2014-08-25
  • 通讯作者: 车振明
  • 基金资助:

    西华大学研究生创新基金项目(YCJJ2014133)

Changes in Volatile Flavor Compounds in Sufu during Fermentation

LU Jing, LIU Ping, ZHANG Li-zhu, CHE Zhen-ming*   

  1. 西华大学生物工程学院,四川 成都 610039
  • Online:2014-08-25 Published:2014-08-25
  • Contact: CHE Zhen-ming

摘要:

采用固相微萃取法结合气相色谱-质谱法对腐乳发酵过程不同时期的挥发性风味成分进行分析,共鉴定出化合物110 种,包括酯类41 种、醛类19 种、酮类12 种、醇类12 种、酸类9 种、烃类9 种、其他类化合物8 种。不同发酵时期腐乳挥发性风味成分差异明显,随着发酵的进行,挥发性风味成分的种类逐渐增多。在前发酵过程中,豆腐白坯经毛霉发酵成毛坯,醛类相对含量显著降低,酯类、醇类相对含量以及种类逐渐增大;在后发酵过程中,随着后发酵时间的延长,醛类、酸类、酯类相对含量逐渐升高,烃类、醇类相对含量逐渐降低。其中正己醛、苯乙醛、壬醛、双戊烯、异戊醇、己酸乙酯、苯乙酸乙酯、戊酸乙酯、辛酸乙酯、2-正戊基呋喃、烯丙基甲基二硫醚对腐乳风味的形成贡献较大。

关键词: 腐乳, 固相微萃取, 挥发性风味成分, 气相色谱-质谱法

Abstract:

Volatile compounds in samples collected at different stages during the fermentation of sufu were extracted and
analyzed by solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The
results showed that 110 volatile compounds were isolated and identified, which included 41 esters, 19 aldehydes, 12 ketones,
12 alcohols, 9 acids, 9 hydrocarbons and 8 other compounds. Volatile composition differed significantly across various
processing stages. More volatile compounds were detected as the fermentation proceeded. The relative contents of aldehydes
were decreased significantly after Mucor fermentation, whereas the relative contents and kinds of esters and alcohols were
increased. As the post-fermentation proceeded, the relative contents of aldehydes, acids and esters were increased gradually.
Among these volatile compounds, caproaldehyde, 2-phenylethanale, nonanal, dipentene, ethyl caproate, ethyl phenylacetate,
ethyl valerate, ethyl octanoate, 2-amylfuran and allyl methyl disulphide had an important contribution to the flavor of sufu
during the fermentation process.

Key words: sufu, solid phase micro-extraction (SPME), volatile flavor, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)

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