Employee Perceptions of CSR: A Multifaceted Analysis

Authors

  • Mudsir Ismail PhD Scholar, Faculty of Management and Administrative Sciences University of Sialkot, Pakistan Author
  • Sitara Kanwal M.Phil. Institute of Business Administration, University of the Punjab, Pakistan Author
  • Dr. Nosheen Rafi Head of Department, Faculty Commerce University of Sialkot, Pakistan Author
  • Dr. Fariha Gul Associate Professor Department of Education, University of Management and Technology Lahore, Pakistan Author
  • Muddassar Bilal PhD Scholar, Faculty of Management and Administrative Sciences University of Sialkot, Pakistan Author
  • Umbrin Akbar PhD Scholar, Faculty of Management and Administrative Sciences University of Sialkot, Pakistan Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61506/01.00087

Keywords:

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Employee Perception, Corporate Culture

Abstract

Previous research has focused on customer perceptions of corporate social responsibility (CSR), leaving the perspective of employees relatively unexplored. This study delves into the unfamiliar territory of employees' views on CSR, recognizing that corporate culture and competencies contribute to competitive advantages. Employee perceptions of CSR activities are identified as pivotal in fostering the degree of employee commitment to their organization and its impact on the general efficiency of the corporation. An in-depth analysis of employees' perceptions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) encompasses crucial elements, particularly the perceived alignment between company culture and CSR capacity. This investigation provides insights into the diverse effects of CSR perceptions on overall corporate performance. The present study aims to evaluate the impact of perceived cultural fit and corporate social responsibility (CSR) competence on employee attachment and performance. This relationship is expected to be mediated by employees' views of CSR activities. The results highlight the significant impact of perceived cultural fit and CSR capabilities on the perception of corporate social responsibility (CSR), which in turn affects employee attachment and accomplishments positively. Consequently, companies are urged to take into account employees' perceptions of CSR, aligning them with feelings of attachment and long-term performance. These results hold significant implications for marketing theory and practice.

References

Ali, M. (2008). Complementary resources and capabilities for an ethical and environmental management: a qual/quanstudy. Journal of Business Ethics, 82(3), 701–932.

Agle, B. R., Mitchell, R. K., &Sonnenfeld, J. A. (1999). Who matters to CEOs? An investigation of stakeholder attributes and salience, corporate performance, and CEO values. Academy of Management Journal, 42(5), 507–525.

Ali, A, Khokhar, B. Sulehri, F. A. (2023). Financial Dimensions of Inflationary Pressure in Developing Countries: An In-depth Analysis of Policy Mix. Journal of Asian Development Studies 12 (3), 1313-1327.

Alim, W. Ali, A., and Minhas, A. S. (2022). Impact of Leverage on the Firm Performance: A Case of Fertilizers Sector of Pakistan. Empirical Economics Letters, 21 (2), 51-61.

Anderson, J. C., &Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411–423.

Aron, A., &Westbay, L. (1996).Dimensions of the prototype of love. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(3), 535–551.

Ashforth, B. E., &Mael, F. (1989).Social identity theory and the organization. Academy of Management Review, 14(1), 20–39.

Audi, M. Sadiq, A. Ali, A. and Roussel, Y. (2021). Performance Evaluation of Islamic and Non-Islamic Equity and Bonds Indices: Evidence from Selected Emerging and Developed Countries. Journal of Applied Economic Sciences, 16(73), 251– 269.

Aupperle, K. E., Carroll, A. B., & Hatfield, J. D. (1985).An empirical examination of the relationship between corporate social responsibility and profitability. Academy of Management Journal, 28(2), 446–463.

Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1988).On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74–97.

Bashaw, R., & Grant, E. (1994).Exploring the distinctive nature of work commitments: Their relationships with personal characteristics, job performance, and propensity to leave. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 14(2), 41–56.

Becker, T. E., &Kernan, M. C. (2003).Matching commitment to supervisors and organizations to in-role and extra-role performance. Human Performance, 16(4), 327–348.

Becker-Olsen, K. L., Cudmore, B. A., & Hill, R. P. (2006).The impact of perceived corporate social responsibility on consumer behavior. Journal of Business Research, 59(1), 46–53.

Benkhoff, B. (1997). Ring commitment is costly: New approaches establish the missing link between commitment and performance. Human Relationship, 50(6), 701–726.

Berman, S. L., Wicks, A. C., Kotha, S., & Jones, T. M. (1999). Does stakeholder orientation

Beurden,P., &Gössling, T. (2008). The worth of values—A literature review on the relation between corporate social and financial performance. Journal of Business Ethics, 82(2), 407–424.

Bhattacharya, C. B., Sen, S., &Korschun, D. (2008). Using corporate social responsibility to win the war for talent. Sloan Management Review, 49(2), 37–44.

Bhattacherjee, A., Johan, P., & Sanford, C. (2008). Information technology continuance: A theoretic extension and empirical test. The Journal of Computer Information Systems, 49(1), 17–26.

Bowlby, J. (1979). The making and breaking of affectional bonds. London: Tavistock.

Bridges, S., Keller, K. L., &Sood, S. (2000). Communication strategies for brand extensions: enhancing perceived fit by establishing explanatory links. Journal of Advertising, 29(4), 1–11.

Brown, T. J., &Dacin, P. A. (1997). The company and the product: Corporate associations and consumer product responses. Journal of Marketing, 61(1), 68–84.

Cable, D., &DeRue, D. S. (2002). The convergent and discriminant validity of subjective fit perception. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(5), 875–884.

Cannon-Bowers, J. A., Salas, E., & Converse, S. (1993). Shared mental models inexpert team decision making. In J. N. J. Castellan (Ed.), Individual and group decision making (pp. 221–243). Hillside, NJ: Erlbaum.

Carroll, A. (1991). The pyramid of corporate social responsibility: Toward the moral management of organizational stakeholders. Business Horizons, 34(4), 39–48.

Carroll, A. B. (1979). A three-dimensional conceptual model of corporate performance. Academy of Management Review, 4(4), 497–505.

Chatman, J., & Cha, S. (2003). Leading by leveraging culture. California Management Review, 45(4), 20–34.

Chen, Z. X., Tsui, A. S., &Farh, J. L. (2002). Loyalty to supervisor vs. organizational commitment: relationships to employee performance in china. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 75(3), 339–356.

Chong, M. (2009). Employee participation in CSR and corporate identity: Insights from a disaster-response program in the Asia-Pacific. Corporate Reputation Review, 12(2), 106–119.

Cochran, P. L., & Wood, R. A. (1984). Corporate social responsibility and financial performance. Academy of Management Journal, 27(1), 42–56.

Cropanzano, R., Byrne, Z. S., Bobocel, D. R., & Rupp, D. E. (2001). Moral virtues, fairness heuristics, social entities, and other denizens of organizational justice. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 58, 164–209.

Dacin, P. A., & Brown, T. J. (2002). Corporate identify and corporate associations: a framework for future research. Corporate Reputation Review, 5(2/3), 254–263.

Davis, K., &Blomstrom, R. L. (1975). Business and society: Environment and responsibility. NY: McGraw-Hill.

Donaldson, T., & Preston, L. E. (1995). The stakeholder theory of the corporation: Concepts, evidence and implications. Academy of Management Review, 20(1), 65–91.

Dutton, J. E., Duferich, J. M., &Harquail, C. V. (1994). Organizational images and member identification. Administrative Science Quarterly, 39(2), 239–263.

Elsayed, K. (2006). Reexamining the expected effect of available resources and firm size on firm environmental orientation: An empirical study of UK firms. Journal of Business Ethics, 65(3), 297–308.

Fehr, B., & Russell, J. A. (1991). The concept of love viewed from a prototype perspective. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60(3), 425–438.

Forehand, M. R., & Grier, S. (2003). When is honesty the best policy? The effect of stated company intent on consumer skepticism. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 13(3), 349–356.

Freeman, R. E. (1984). Stakeholder management: Framework and philosophy. MA: Manfield.

Galbreath, J. (2010). Drivers of corporate social responsibility: The role of formal strategic planning and firm culture. British Journal of Management, 21, 511–525.

Gavin, J. J., & Maynard, W. S. (1975). Perceptions of corporate social responsibility. Personnel Psychology, 28(3), 377–387.

Goodpaster, K. E. (1991). Business ethics and stakeholder analysis. Business Ethics Quarterly, 1(1), 53–73.

Grant, R. M. (1991). The resources-based theory of competitive advantage: Implications for strategy formulation. California Management Review, 33(3), 114–135.

Greenwood, M. (2007). Stakeholder engagement: Beyond the myth of corporate responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 74(4), 315–327.

Hatch, M. J., & Schultz, M. (2001). Are the strategic stars aligned for your corporate brand? Harvard Business Review, 79(2), 128–134.

Heinze, D., Sibary, S., &Sikula, A. (1999). Relations among corporate social responsibility, financial soundness, and investment value in 22 manufacturing industry groups. Ethics& Behavior, 9(4), 331–347.

Hemphill, T. A. (1997). Legislating corporate social responsibility. Business Horizons, 40(2), 53–59.

Howell, J. M., & Frost, P. J. (1989). A laboratory study of charismatic leadership. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 43(2), 243–269.

Jin, K. R., &Drozdenko, R. G. (2010). Relationships among perceived organizational core values, corporate social responsibility, ethics, and organizational performance outcomes: An empirical study of information technology professionals. Journal of Business Ethics, 92(3), 341–359.

Judge, W., & Douglas, T. (1998). Performance implications of incorporating natural environmental issues into the strategic planning process: An empirical assessment. Journal of Management Studies, 35(2), 241–262.

Kanji, G. K., & Chopra, P. K. (2010). Corporate social responsibility in a global economy. Total Quality Management, 21(2), 119–143.

Kapstein, E. B. (2001). The corporate ethics crusade. Foreign Affairs, 80(5), 105–119.

Karmark, E. (2005). Living the brand. In M. Schultz, Y. Antorini, & F. Csaba (Eds.), Towards the second wave of corporate branding: corporate branding purpose/people/process (pp. 103–124). Copenhagen: Copenhagen Business School.

Kim, K. J., & Park, J. C. (2009). The effects of the perceived motivation type toward corporate social responsibility activities on customer loyalty. Journal of Global Academy of Marketing Science, 19(3), 5–16.

Lee, E. M., Park, S. Y., &Pae, J. H. (2008). The effect of the perceivedfit between corporate and CSR activities on corporate credibility and consumer loyalty: The mediating roles of consumer perception of CSR activities. Proceedings of the 2nd World Business Ethics Conference. Hong Kong: HKBU.

Lee, M. Y., & Jackson, Vanessa P. (2010). Consumer awareness and evaluation of retailers' social responsibility: An exploratory approach into ethical purchase behavior from a U.S perspective. Journal of Global Academy of Marketing Science, 20(1), 49–58.

Lichtenstein, D. R., Drumwright, M. E., &Braig, B. M. (2004). The effects of corporate social responsibility on customer donations to corporate-supported nonprofits. Journal of Marketing, 68(4), 16–32.

Lindgreen, A., Swaen, V., & Johnston, W. (2009).The supporting function of marketing in corporate social responsibility. Corporate Reputation Review, 12(2), 120–139.

López-Gamero, María Dolores, Claver-Cortés, Enrique, & Molina-Azorín, José Francisco

Maignan, I., & Ferrell, O. C. (2001). Antecedents and benefits of corporate citizenship: An investigation of French business. Journal of Business Research, 51,37–51.

matter? The relationship between stakeholder management models andfirm financial performance. Academy of Management Journal, 42(5), 488–506.

McWilliams, A., & Siegel, D. (2001). Corporate social responsibility: A theory of the firm perspective. The Academy of Marketing Review, 26(1), 117–127.

Menon, A., Bharadwaj, S. G., & Howell, R. (1996). The quality and effectiveness of marketing strategy: Effects of functional and dysfunctional conflict in inter organizational relationships. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 24(3), 299–313.

Menon, S., & Kahn, B. E. (2003). Corporate sponsorships of philanthropic activities: When do they impact perception of sponsor brand? Journal of Consumer Psychology, 13(3), 316–327.

Meyer, J. P., Stanley, D. J., Herscovitch, L., &Topolnytsry, L. (2002). Affective, continuance, and normative commitment to the organization: A meta-analysis of antecedents, correlates, and consequences. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 61(1), 20–52.

Montgomery, C., & Stone, G. (2009). Revisiting consumer environmental responsibility: Afive nation cross-cultural analysis and comparison of consumer ecological opinions and behaviors. International Journal of Management & Marketing Research, 2(1), 35–58.

Moorman, C. (1995). Organizational market information process: Cultural antecedents and new product outcomes. Journal of Marketing Research, 32(3), 318–335.

Nisar, S., Asif, R., & Ali, A. (2021). Testing the Presence of the January Effect in Developed Economies. Journal of Finance and Accounting Research (JFAR), 3(2), 1-16.

Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory. NY: McGraw-Hill.

O'Reilly, C. A., & Chatman, J. A. (1996). Culture as social control: Corporations, cults, and commitment. In B. M. Staw, & L. L. Cummings (Eds.) Research in organizational behavior, Vol. 18. (pp. 57–200)Greenwich: CT: JAI Press.

Park, C. W., Milberg, S., & Lawson, R. (1991). Evaluation of brand extensions: The role of product feature similarity and brand concept consistency. Journal of Consumer Research, 18(2), 185–193.

Pearce, G. L., & Ensley, M. D. (2004). A reciprocal and longitudinal investigation of the innovation process: The central role of shared vision in product and process innovation teams. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(2), 259–278.

Peters, R., & Mullen, M. R. (2009). Some evidence of the cumulative effects of corporate social responsibility on financial performance. The Journal of Global Business Issues, 3(1), 1–14.

Podsakoff, P. M., & Organ, D. W. (1986). Self-reports in organizational research: Problems and prospects. Journal of Management, 12(4), 531–534.

Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., &Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879–899.

Porter, M., & Kramer, M. R. (2006). Strategy & society: The link between competitive advantage and corporate social responsibility. Harvard Business Review, 84(12),78–92.

Riordan, C. M., Gatewood, R. D., & Bill, J. B. (1997). Corporate image: Employee reactions and implications for managing corporate social performance. Journal of Business Ethics, 16(1), 401–412.

Rumelt, R. P. (1974).Strategy, structure, and economic performance. MA: Harvard University Press.

Rupp, D. E., Ganapathi, J., Aguilera, R. V., & Williams, C. A. (2006). Employee reactions to corporate social responsibility: And organizational justice framework. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27(4), 537–543.

Schein, E. H. (1983). The role of the founder in the creation of organizational culture. Organizational Dynamics, 12(1), 13–28.

Sen, S., & Bhattacharya, C. B. (2001). Does doing good always lead to doing better? Consumer reactions to corporate social responsibility. Journal of Marketing Research, 38(2), 225–243.

Sen, S., Bhattacharya, C. B., &Korschun, D. (2006). The role of corporate social responsibility in strengthening multiple stakeholder relationships: Afield experiment. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 34(2), 158–166.

Sharma, S., &Vredenburg, H. (1998). Proactive corporate environmental strategy and the development of competitively valuable organizational capabilities. Strategic Management Journal, 19, 729–753.

Sims, R. L., & Keon, T. L. (1997). Ethical work climate as a factor in the development of person-organizationfit. Journal of Business Ethics, 16(1), 95–105.

Teece, D. J., Pisano, G., &Shuen, A. (1997). Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Strategic Management Journal, 18(7), 509–533.

Thomson, M., MacInnis, D. J., & Park, C. W. (2005). The ties that bind: measuring the strength of consumers' emotional attachments to brands. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 15(1), 77–91.

Tuchman, M. L., & O'Reilly, C. A. (1997). Winningthrough innovation: A practical guide to leading organizational change and renewal. Boston, MA: Harvard University Press.

Turban, D. B., & Greening, D. W. (1996). Corporate social performance and organizational attractiveness to prospective employees. Academy of Management Journal, 40(3), 658–672.

Valentine, S., & Fleischman, G. (2008). Ethics programs, perceived corporate social responsibility and job satisfaction. Journal of Business Ethics, 77(2), 159–172.

Varadarajan, P. R., & Menon, A. (1988). Cause-related marketing: A coalignment of marketing strategy and corporate philanthropy. Journal of Marketing, 52(3), 58–74.

Verschoor, C. C. (1999). Corporate performance is closely linked to a strong ethical commitment. Business and Society Review, 104(4), 407–415.

Viswesvaran, C., & Ones, D. S. (2002). Examining the construct of organizational justice: A meta analytic evaluation of relations with work attitudes and behaviors. Journal of Business Ethics, 38, 198–203.

Vorhies, D. W., & Morgan, N. A. (2003). A configuration theory assessment of marketing organizationfit with business strategy and its relationship with marketing performance. Journal of Marketing, 67(1), 100–115.

Vorhies, D. W., & Morgan, N. A. (2005). Benchmarking marketing capabilities for sustainable competitive advantage. Journal of Marketing, 69,80–94.

Wheeler, D., &Sillanpää, M. (1997). The stakeholder corporation. London: Pitman.

Downloads

Published

2023-12-25

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Ismail, M. ., Kanwal, S. ., Rafi, N. ., Gul, F. ., Bilal, M. ., & Akbar, U. . (2023). Employee Perceptions of CSR: A Multifaceted Analysis. Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), 12(4), 96-107. https://doi.org/10.61506/01.00087

Similar Articles

1-10 of 216

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.

Most read articles by the same author(s)