اثر طلاق پیش از نزدیکی بر ابراء مهریه
محورهای موضوعی : حقوق مدنی
محمد علی رسولی مقدم
1
(دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد حقوق خصوصی، گروه حقوق، دانشکده علوم انسانی، واحد رشت،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران.)
کلید واژه: ابراء, ابراء مهر, طلاق قبل از نزدیکی ,
چکیده مقاله :
ماده 1092 قانون مدنی بیان می دارد: « هرگاه شوهر قبل از نزدیکی، زن خود را طلاق دهد زن مستحق نصف مهر خواهد بود و اگر شوهر بیش از نصف را قبلاً داده باشد حق دارد مازاد از نصف را عیناً یا مثلاً یا قیمتاً استرداد کند.»، حال سوال این است که اگر زن بعد عقد نکاح بجای دریافت مهر، کل یا بیش از نیمی از مهریه را که به صورت عین کلی در ذمه شوهر بوده را، ابراء کند و مرد قبل از نزدیکی او را طلاق دهد، به دلیل آن که ابراء نوعی تصرف و استیلابر دین است یا ابراء هم مانند وفای به عهد است، و با توجه به حکم ماده فوق، زن را باید مدیون مازاد نیم مهریه دانست؟ نظر مشهور فقهای امامیه جواب مثبت به این پرسش است و در این میان تعدادی از فقها و حقوقدانان موافق جواب مثبت به این سوال نیستند. در این مقاله ضمن بررسی موضوع و دانستن دلایل موافقین و مخالفین به جنبه هایی از موضوع توجه می نماییم که کمتر مورد توجه قرار گرفته است .
In the article 1092 of Civil Rights, it is mentioned that: “ If the husband divorces his wife before having intercourse, she is entitled to the half of dowry of bride and if the husband had given more than half of dowry of bride before the intercourse, he would have entitled to the residue of the half of itself or its price.”, in this case; the question is that if the wife forgives release all or more than half of(dowry of bride, which is exactly the husband’s total duty ) after marriage contract and the husband divorces her before having intercourse with her, since release is a kind of possessing and domination of the debt or is similar to the loyalty to a pledge, and considering the command in the article above; does the wife owes the residue of the half of dowry of bride The popular response to this question by the Faghihs of Imamia is positive whereas other Faghihs and lawyers disagree with their view. While studying this subject; in this essay, we will try to understand the evidences of those in favor and opponents of this and will observe some aspects of the topic that have been less taken into consideration.
1. Imamieh, Seyed Hassan, Civil Law, Islamic Publications, Tehran 1998, vol. 1
2. Imamieh, Seyed Hassan, Civil Law, Islamic Publications, Tehran 1998, vol. 4
3. Ansari, Masoud, Taheri and Mohammad Ali, Private Law Encyclopedia, vol. 1, first edition, Mehrab Publications, Tehran 2005, p. 110
4. Har Ameli, Sheikh Mohammad bin al-Hasan, Wassail al-Shia ila Tahsil Masail al-Shariah, Al al-Bayt Institute for the Revival of Heritage, Qom 1413 AH
5. Khomeini, Ruhollah, Translation of Tahrir al-Wasilah, Imam Khomeini's Works and Publications Organization, Qom 2007
6. Shahid Awwal, Mohammad bin Maki, Luma Damascusia, translated by Shirvani, Ali, Dar al-Fikr Publications, Qom 2008, vol. 2
7. Shahid Thani, Zain al-Din bin Ali, Translation of Legal Issues in Luma, compiled and translated by Asadullah Lotfi Majd, Tehran 2010
8. Shahidi, Mehdi, Collapse of Commitments, Majd Publications, Tehran 2004
9. Safaei, Seyed Hossein and Emami, Asadullah, Family Law, University of Tehran Press and Print, Tehran 2008, vol. 1
10. Fayd al-Islam, Nahj al-Balaghah, translated by Dashti, 10th edition, Tabaan Publications, Qom 2001
11. Qomi, Mirza Abu al-Qasim, Jame' al-Shatat, edited and supervised by Morteza Razavi, Keyhan Institute, Tehran 1992, vol. 4
12. Mohaqeq Damad, Seyed Mostafa, A Jurisprudential Study of Family Law: Marriage and Its Dissolution, Center for Islamic Sciences Publications, Tehran 2008
13. Katouzian, Nasser, Civil Law (Obligations), Mizan Publications, Tehran 2008
14. Katouzian, Nasser, Civil Law (Family Law), Bahman Borna Publications, Tehran 1999, vol. 1
15. Najafi, Mohammad Hassan, Jawahir al-Kalam fi Sharh Shara'i al-Islam, Dar al-Ketab al-Islamiyah Publications, Tehran 1987, vol. 31
16. Nuri, Mirza Hassan, Mustadrak al-Wasa'il, Al al-Bayt Institute, Qom 1986, vol. 15
17. Parsapour, Mohammad Bagher, Cancellation in Iranian and English Laws, Legal Articles Bank (www.lawnet.ir)
18. Velayoon, Reza, Conflict of Logic and Justice in the Cancellation and Giving of Dowry, Journal of Law and Political Science, University of Tehran, vol. 37, no. 4, winter 2007.
19. Holy Quran