Ground roll suppression with synchrosqueezing wavelet transform in time-spatial domain
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摘要:
面波是影响地震资料品质的主要因素之一，压制面波干扰是地震资料处理的重要步骤之一.传统的面波压制方法在时频分辨率以及处理结果的信噪比方面存在固有缺陷，不利于面波能量的压制.本文将同步挤压小波变换推广至一维空间域，并提出了一种使用时域和空域同步挤压小波变换联合压制面波干扰的新方法.该方法首先利用时域同步挤压小波变换分离原始地震记录中的面波，为减少分离过程可能对低频有效信号造成的损伤，将初次分离出的低频数据体进行空域同步挤压小波变换，得到空间波数谱，确定面波区域并对该区域同步挤压小波系数充零，压制面波干扰，提取有效信号，将提取出的有效信号重构结果叠加到已分离面波的地震记录中，实现对面波干扰的联合压制.理论和实际资料处理表明，时域同步挤压小波变换和空域同步挤压小波变换联合方法能在有效压制面波干扰的同时，极大程度减少了对有效信号的损害，提高了地震资料的信噪比.
Abstract:Ground roll is one of the main factors affecting the quality of seismic data. Suppressing ground roll is one of the vital steps in seismic data processing. Traditional ground roll suppression methods have inherent defects in time-frequency resolution and signal-to-noise ratio of processing results, which is not conducive to ground roll energy suppression. In this paper, the synchrosqueezing wavelet transform is extended to one-dimensional spatial domain, and a new method for suppressing ground roll by using synchrosqueezing wavelet transform in time domain and spatial domain is proposed. Firstly, the time-domain synchrosqueezing wavelet transform is used to separate the ground roll in the original seismic record. In order to reduce the damage to the low-frequency effective signal caused by the separation process, the first separated low-frequency data volume is subjected to the spatial synchrosqueezing wavelet transform to obtain the spatial wavenumber spectrum, determine the ground roll area, zero the coefficient in the area, suppress the ground roll and extract the effective signal, the extracted effective signal reconstruction results are superimposed on the separated ground roll seismic records to realize the joint suppression of ground roll. The synthetic and actual data processing results show that the combined method of time-domain synchrosqueezing wavelet transform and spatial-domain synchrosqueezing wavelet transform can effectively suppress the ground roll, greatly reduce the damage to the effective signal and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data.
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Key words:
- Time-spatial domain /
- Synchrosqueezing /
- Wavelet transform /
- Ground roll suppression
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图 1
四种母小波函数重构误差比较
Figure 1.
Comparison of reconstruction errors of four mother wavelet functions
图 2
四种母小波函数的TSWT时频谱
Figure 2.
The time frequency spectrum of TSWT of four mother wavelet functions
图 4
理论模型合成记录第35道的时频谱
Figure 4.
The time frequency spectrum of channel 35 of theoretical model synthesis record
图 5
(a) 经TSWT压制面波后的理论模型记录; (b) TSWT分离出的面波记录; (c) 经SSWT重构出的有效信号; (d) 经联合方法处理所得到的最终记录
Figure 5.
(a) Record of theoretical model after suppressing ground roll by TSWT; (b) Ground roll separated by TSWT; (c) Valid signal reconstructed by SSWT; (d) Final record of theoretical model after suppressing ground roll by combination method
图 6
0.32 s时刻信号空间波数谱对比
Figure 6.
Comparison of spatial wavenumber spectrum of signal at 0.32 s
图 7
理论模型记录各有效频段信噪比对比
Figure 7.
Comparison of signal-to-noise ratio of each valid frequency band recorded by theoretical model
图 8
联合方法面波压制效果对比图
Figure 8.
Comparison of ground roll suppression effects of combined method
图 11
原始单炮记录第30道TSWT时频谱和分离出的低频数据体第320 ms SSWT空间波数谱
Figure 11.
The time frequency spectrum of channel 30 of TSWT and spatial wavenumber spectrum at 320 ms of SSWT of the separated low-frequency data
图 13
野外单炮记录各有效频段信噪比对比
Figure 13.
Comparison of signal-to-noise ratio of each valid frequency band recorded by actualdata
图 14
四种面波压制方法实际资料处理结果对比
Figure 14.
Comparison of actual data processing results of four ground roll suppression methods
表 1
地层模型参数
Table 1.
Formation model parameters
层序 纵波速度/(m·s-1) 横波速度/(m·s-1) 密度/(g·cm-3) 深度/m 1 1000 600 2 150 2 1850 800 2 500 
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