Mantle transition zone beneath northeast China imaged by receiver function data using fast marching eikonal solver based 3-D migration
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摘要:
本文利用中国东北地区NECESSArray记录到的45505条接收函数，结合该区域最新三维速度模型，采用快速行进法求解程函方程，计算了P-S转换波相对走时，并通过共转换点叠加成像方法获得了该地区下方地幔间断面起伏情况.结果显示，在长白山—五大连池连线一带东西约300 km，南北约900 km的狭长形区域内，660-km间断面下陷幅度达20~40 km.其结构可细分为南北两部分，南部更为狭窄且与日本海沟走向一致，对应于从日本海沟俯冲的太平洋板块在地幔过渡带的滞留区；北部对应于从千岛海沟俯冲的太平洋板块在地幔过渡带的滞留区.同时，在长白山西部，存在与长白山—五大连池下陷区形状类似的南北向狭长形抬升区，660-km间断面抬升幅度约为10 km，显示俯冲太平洋板块只延伸至松辽盆地东侧；而在盆地西侧，660-km间断面的下陷区可能与该地区岩石圈拆沉有关.同时，410-km间断面在松辽盆地—渤海一带，以及长白山火山西南和东北方向存在明显的下陷区；另外，在阿巴嘎及阿尔山也有小范围的下陷区.所有这些下陷区，均与地表新生代火山活动区/拉伸区有很好的对应关系，表明这些地表构造与深部热物质上涌有关.
Abstract:In this study, we utilized 45505 teleseismic receiver functions derived from NECESSArray records to image the mantle transition zone beneath northeast China. We employed a fast-marching technique to solve the eikonal equations of the direct P wave and P-to-S converted waves in a 3-D velocity model. We selected the high-resolution 3-D model of FWEA18 that was derived from full waveform inversion as the reference velocity model. We gathered the receiver functions based on their geographical locations and stacked the receiver functions with a common conversion point (CCP). We found clear P-to-S conversion associated with the 410-km and 660-km discontinuities that define, respectively, the upper and lower boundaries of the mantle transition zone. The 660-km discontinuity deepens by 20~40 km in a~300 km by~900 km elongated area extending roughly in the north-south (NS) direction beneath the Changbaishan-Wudalianchi area. The southern and northern parts of the depression area show a distinct difference that suggests that the Pacific plate subducted from the Japan and Kuril trenches has different morphology when it encounters the upper and lower mantle boundary. The western front of the trough lies a N-S oriented uplift area with an elevation of~10 km. These observations suggest that the subducted Pacific oceanic lithosphere only reaches to the eastern side of the Songliao Basin. We also observe a mild depression of 660-km beneath the Great Xing'An Range west to the Songliao Basin, which is likely caused by a delaminated continental lithosphere. Overall, the 410-km discontinuity appears to be flatter than the 660-km. It deepens slightly beneath the Songliao Basin, Bohai, the southwest and northeast sides of the Changbaishan volcano, the Abaga and Arshan volcanic regions. These depressions correspond well with extensional and volcanic regions, suggesting magmatism in the study area is largely controlled by ascending hot material from great depths.
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Key words:
- Northeast China /
- Receiver function /
- Mantle transition zone /
- Cenozoic volcanoes /
- Subduction zone
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图 1
中国东北地形与台站分布图及震中位置分布图
Figure 1.
Topography and distribution of stations and epicenter locations in northeast China
图 2
FM法计算相对走时示意图
Figure 2.
Illustration of the FM method for calculating relative traveltimes
图 3
子区域划分与走时场范围示意图
Figure 3.
Illustration of sub-area division and traveltime field range
图 4
一维模型中P410s和P660s相对走时差计算结果
Figure 4.
Relative traveltime differences of P410s and P660s in the 1-D model
图 5
P410s和P660s转换点位置分布图
Figure 5.
Distribution of conversion point locations for P410s and P660s
图 7
(a) 三维S波速度模型剖面中直达P波与转换P410s波射线路径. 红色和蓝色实线代表在一维速度模型中通过射线追踪分别求出的直达P波和转换P410s波射线路径；红色和蓝色虚线代表在三维速度模型中分别求出的直达P波和转换P410s波射线路径. 黑色虚线表示410-km和660-km深度位置. (b)展示了基于FM法，使用三维速度模型中的转换点地理位置求出的P410s相对走时，与使用一维速度模型中转换点地理位置求出的P410s相对走时之差的统计结果
Figure 7.
(a) Direct P-wave and converted P410s ray paths in the 3-D S-wave velocity model profile. The red and blue solid lines represent the direct P-wave and converted P410s ray paths derived by ray tracing in the 1-D velocity model; the red and blue dashed lines represent the direct P-wave and converted P410s ray paths in the 3-D velocity model. The black dashed lines indicate the positions of 410-km and 660-km. (b) shows the statistical results of the difference between the relative traveltime of P410s based on FM method by using the geographic location of the converted points in the 3-D and 1-D velocity models
图 9
(a) 地表地形起伏示意图. 浅蓝色表示海平面以下；红色三角形表示长白山火山群. (b)红色与蓝色虚线分别表示对应地理位置410-km和660-km间断面参与叠加的接收函数数量；黑色虚线的位置表示叠加数量为200条.(c)沿北纬42°的CCP叠加深度剖面. 黑色虚线分别表示410-km和660-km深度位置；红色表示转换波振幅大于0的部分
Figure 9.
(a) Topographic relief map. The light blue color indicates below sea level; the red triangle indicates the Changbaishan Volcanic zones. (b) The red and blue dashed lines represent the number of receiver function involved at the corresponding geographic locations of 410-km and 660-km discontinuity, respectively; the position of the black dashed line indicates the number of receiver function involved in stacking is 200. (c) The depth profile along 42°N. The black dashed lines indicate the position of 410 km and 660 km, respectively; the red color represents the part of the conversion wave with amplitude greater than 0
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