Performance study of methane gas explosion source and its application in exploring of Hualong fault in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area
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摘要:
针对近年兴起的甲烷气爆主动震源，设计了不同尺寸震源装置，分别在不同激发环境下，通过比较激发信号能量及频带分布进行了震源性能研究，实现了震源参数优化.同点甲烷气爆和炸药震源成像结果研究表明，甲烷气爆震源引起的地表振动速度更小，更符合安全环保的需求.将优化后的甲烷气爆震源用于粤港澳大湾区的化龙断裂浅部结构勘查，单炮记录结果可见高信噪比初至信号.对10炮激发记录进行初至走时拾取后进行走时层析成像发现，化龙断裂推测位置附近纵波速度在第四系下方200~400 m深度范围明显错断.基于横波/纵波波谱比分析结果（HVSR），根据经验关系推断了该地区沉积层厚度分布，发现与走时层析成像结果中的第四系沉积底界面位置吻合良好.以上成像结果与该地区已有钻孔及早期反射地震结果高度吻合，证明了此次采用的甲烷气爆主动震源作为炸药震源的替代品，在未来城市地下结构浅勘工作中有广泛的应用前景.
Abstract:This work was concerned with a recently developed active source based on methane gas. We compared the explosion performance by designing the container with different dimensional sizes, inflating it with different pressures, and stimulating the source at different depths. Consequently, we found the optimal parameter combination which is suitable for shallow underground structure imaging. The imaging results from both methane gas and traditional explosion at the same location show that the ground motion caused by methane gas explosion is smaller and more environment-friendly. We applied the methane gas explosion to imaging the shallow underground structure in the Hualong fault area, where first arrivals were found obviously from each shot. The tomography results based on P-wave arrivals show that there is an obvious velocity contrast underground near the Hualong fault with depths 200 m to 400 m. We also analyzed the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios and concluded the sedimentary depths using the empirical formula in the local area, and found that they agree well with the resultant depths form tomography imaging. The imaging results in this study are highly consistent with that from the well boring and reflection seismology based on traditional explosions in previous work, which shows that the methane gas explosion source has a bright future in imaging shallow underground structure of urban areas as a substitute to the traditional explosion source.
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图 1
不同参数震源激发效果比较
Figure 1.
Comparison of the activate performances for different parameter combinations in the methane gas explosion source
图 2
同点激发的炸药震源和气爆震源激发地震记录比较
Figure 2.
Comparison of the seismograms for gas explosion and traditional explosion source which excited at the same point
图 3
测线激发炮点和接收点位置分布
Figure 3.
The location distribution of shots (methane gas explosion) and receiver points in this experiment
图 4
(a) 观测系统示意图(红色星号为炮点，蓝色三角形为检波点)；(b) 从10炮气爆震源激发记录中拾取的初至波走时散点图
Figure 4.
(a) The schematic diagram of acquisition system, and red asterisk represents the shot, blue triangle denotes the receiver; (b) The travel-time scattering diagram of first arrivals picked from seismic records excited by 10 gas explosion source
图 5
气爆震源激发的炮集记录(震源位于10.2 km处，10~11 km部分可见明显的直达波信号)
Figure 5.
The seismograms of methane gas explosion source, the source is located at 10.2 km, and the direct wave signal can be recorded obviously at a distance from 10 km to 11 km
图 6
层析反演过程中炮集记录的走时拟合情况
Figure 6.
The travel time fitting of seismogram in the process of tomography inversion
图 7
反演所得的二维P波速度剖面(a)及地质解释结果(b).
Figure 7.
The two-dimensional P wave velocity profile (a) and geological interpretation results (b)
图 8
HVSR分析结果及其与地震层析结果对比
Figure 8.
HVSR analysis results and their comparisons with tomography results
表 1
不同型号震源激发情况表
Table 1.
Excitation of different types of seismic sources
能量排序 激发序号 装置型号 激发深度/m 注气压力/MPa 最大偏移距平均振幅/count 1 shot01 科133-700 5 9 19.37 2 shot02 科108-1000 5 9 17.23 3 shot08 焊WB-70-2000 5 9 16.86 4 shot03 标WB-120-1000 5 9 16.18 5 shot04 焊WB-120-1000 5 9 16.03 6 shot12 科108-1000 2 6 13.88 7 shot05 科133-700 2 6 13.56 8 shot11 焊WB-120-1000 2 6 12.83 9 shot10 焊WB-70-2000 3 6 10.24 10 shot09 焊WB-70-1000 5 9 9.32 11 shot06 格89-430 5 9 8.02 12 shot07 格89-350 1 6 7.37 
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表 2
不同震源测试点爆破振动速度峰值
Table 2.
Peak value of blasting vibration velocity at different test points
测点 距离激发点距离(m) 炸药震源振动速度峰值(cm·s-1) 气爆震源振动速度峰值(cm·s-1) 东西向 南北向 垂直向 东西向 南北向 垂直向 1# 5 -46.04 -36.36 -47.07 -4.42 5.90 26.33 2# 20 -4.30 3.32 -9.57 0.67 -1.43 -1.85 3# 50 0.42 -0.39 0.73 -0.25 -0.32 -0.46 4# 100 -0.38 -0.45 -0.29 -0.09 -0.07 -0.24 5# 200 0.07 0.07 0.17 -0.03 0.04 0.03
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表 3
一维平均层状变化速度初始模型表
Table 3.
Initial model of one dimensional average laminar velocity
H(m) 0.00 18.00 77.00 253.00 464.00 683.00 798.00 VP
(m·s-1)1509 3500 4497 5238 5311 5512 5592
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表 4
反演主要参数表
Table 4.
The main inversion parameters
网格大小 平滑参数 迭代次数 加权因子
(m)平滑尺度 最大变化量
(%)最小速度
(km·s-1)最大速度
(km·s-1)X(m) Z(m) X(m) Z(m) 6.50 3.25 150.00 30.00 5 80.00 0.95 60.00 0.833 6.00
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