Características lingüísticas y prosódicas del motherese y las vocalizaciones de los bebés prematuros durante el método canguro Un estudio microanalítico
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Motherese ha sido estudiado especialmente en características prosódicas. La literatura científica ha destacado la importancia de este tipo de comunicación en la capacidad de respuesta vocal de los bebés. Sin embargo, todavía sabemos poco sobre el papel de motherese en la capacidad de respuesta vocal de los bebés prematuros. Nos proponemos conocer las características prosódicas y comunicativas del motherese en díadas de prematuros y comprender su relación con la responsividad vocal del prematuro. En la UCIN, se les pidió a las madres (N = 38) para que hablen y canten sin palabras (humming) a sus bebés prematuros en cuidado canguro (kangaroo care) durante cinco períodos de tres minutos alternando voz y silencio controlando el efecto de la secuencia (silencio – habla o humming – silencio – humming o habla – silencio). Se realizó un estudio microanalítico sobre las características prosódicas y lingüísticas del motherese utilizando los softwares ELAN, MAXQDA y PRAAT. Según los resultados, los contornos tonales (sinusoidales, en forma de U y descendentes) y las vocalizaciones de los bebés parecen contribuir a la modulación vocal de las díadas prematuras. Se observó un alto uso de funciones fáticas y conativas, enunciados interrogativos, aspectos positivos de los bebés, bebés designados por palabras afectivas y enunciados relacionados con las necesidades de los bebés. Este estudio contribuyó a explorar el papel de las características comunicativas/afectivas y prosódicas del motherese, en las vocalizaciones del bebé prematuro durante el método canguro en la UCIN. Todavía, se necesitan más estudios para profundizar estos resultados preliminares
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