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2015, vol. 10, br. 2, str. 255-267
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Planiranje integrisanog/održivog upravljanja čvrstim otpadom ('ISWM') - model upravljanja čvrstim otpadom u Republici Srpskoj/ B i H
Planning of integrated/sustainable solid waste management (ISWM) - model of integrated solid waste management in Republika Srpska/B&H
Ključne reči: Integrisano/održivo upravljanje otpadom; planiranje upravljanje čvrstim otpadom
Keywords: Integrated/sustainable waste management; planning of SWM
Sažetak
Upravljanje čvrstim komunalnim otpadom je postao značajan problem za zemlje širom sveta. Izazovi su posebno vidljivi u zemljama u razvoju i tranziciji, koji se ogledaju uglavnom u neodgovarajućem načinu upravljanja, nerazvijenim tehnologijama, nepovoljnim ekonomskim situacijama i nedostatcima ekološke svesti, što izaziva ogroman uticaj na životnu sredinu. Danas se primenjuju razni modeli za analizu sistema upravljanja otpadom od regionalnih do opštinskih nivoa. Razumevanje mehanizama i faktora koji trenutno vode razvoj upravljanja otpadom predstavlja ključni korak za napredovanje i planiranje održivog sistema upravljanja otpadom. Glavni cilj ovoga rada je primena 'ISWM' modela na oglednom području, koji se zasniva na principu životnog ciklusa i prati analitički okvir metodologije. Transdiciplinarna istraživačka metodologija je empiriski testirana i primjenjena na regionu Republike Srpske. Koristeći referentnu metodologiju koja je bazirana na principima zaštite životne sredine i institucionalne i ekonomske održivosti, system upravljanja otpadom je predstavljen u profilu procene. Rezultati sprovedenih analiza i primena razvijenog modela mogu se koristiti kao osnova za predlog daljih stateških, političkih i menadžerskih promena, kao i podrška donosiocima odluka i zainteresovanim stranama da upravljaju otpadom na ekonomičan i ekološko prihvatljiv način.
Abstract
Municipal solid waste management (MSWM) has become an important issue for countries around the world. The challenges are particularly notable in developing and transitional countries reflected mainly in inappropriate management, underdeveloped technology, an unfavorable economic situation and the lack of environmental awareness, causing a tremendous environmental impact. Today, various models are applied to analyze solid waste management systems from the regional to the municipal levels. Understanding the mechanisms and factors that currently drive the development of waste management is a crucial step for moving forward and planning sustainable waste management systems. The main objective of this paper is to apply the ISWM model, which is based on the Life-Cycle approach and follows the analytical framework methodology, to the research region. The transdisciplinary research framework was empirically tested and subsequently applied in the region Republika Srpska. Using the benchmark methodology, based on environmental, institutional and economical sustainability, the waste management is summarized in assessment profile. The results of the conducted analyses and the application of the developed model can be used further as a basis for the proposal of further strategic, political and managerial changes and support decision makers and stakeholders to handle waste in a cost-efficient and environmentally sound way.
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