During a nomenclatural revision of Acanthaceae published by J.M.C. Vellozo in his Florae fluminensis, we found that Veronica fluminensis Vell. (published in 1829) matched the types of Eranthemum heterophyllum Nees (published in 1847), the basionym of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest endemic Pseuderantheum heterophyllum (Nees) Radlk. Thus, we propose a combination Pseuderanthemum fluminense (Vell.) Chagas & Costa-Lima, comb. nova. Additionally, we designate lectotypes for both E. heterophyllum and V. fluminensis, the former based on original material studied by Nees von Esenbeck, and the latter based on the original plate in Vellozo's work.