Neutron transmission spectroscopy is a useful experimental method. A low absorption contribution of neutron allows to observe a scattering contribution in neutron attenuation spectra. A new analysis technique was developed to characterize the contributions of small-angle scattering, magnetic diffraction, and diffraction of liquid from the neutron attenuation spectra. One of the advantages of these techniques is that it is easy to apply them to neutron transmission imaging experiments. The mapping of nanostructures can be achieved with the application of the analysis of the small-angle scattering contribution to the neutron transmission imaging experiments.