Research Article
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Year 2024, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 1 - 22, 29.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.55859/ijiss.1399189

Abstract

References

  • D. Wang and X. Zhang, “Secure ride-sharing services based on a consortium blockchain,” IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 2976–2991, 2021.
  • D. Zonda and M. Meddeb, “Proxy re-encryption for privacy enhancement in blockchain: Carpooling use case,” in IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain), 2020, pp. 482–489.
  • K. Kato, Y. Yan, and H. Toyoizumi, “Blockchain application for rideshare service,” in 8th International Conference on Logistics, Informatics and Service Sciences (LISS), 2018, pp. 1–5.
  • S. Kudva, R. Norderhauga, S. Badsha, S. Sengupta, and A. S. M. Kayes, “Pebers: Practical ethereum blockchain based efficient ride hailing service,” in EEE International Conference on Informatics, IoT, and Enabling Technologies (ICIoT). IEEE, 2020, pp. 422–428.
  • M. S. Hossan, M. L. Khatun, S. Rahman, S. Reno, and M. Ahmed, “Securing ride-sharing service using ipfs and hyperledger based on private blockchain,” in 24th International Conference on Computer and Information Technology (ICCIT), 2021, pp. 1–6.
  • N. Mahmoud, A. Aly, and H. Abdelkader, “Enhancing blockchain-based ride-sharing services using ipfs,” Intelligent Systems with Applications, vol. 16, p. 200135, 2022.
  • T. M. Choi and X. Shi, “On-demand ride-hailing service platforms with hired drivers during coronavirus (covid-19) outbreak: can blockchain help?” IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, vol. 71, pp. 737–752, 2024.
  • J. Huang, Y. Luo, M. Xu, B. Hu, and J. Long, “pshare: Privacypreserving ride-sharing system with minimum-detouring route,” Applied Sciences, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 1–18, 2022.
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  • T. M. Choi and J. B. Sheu, “Risk-averse ride-hailing platform operations with safety risk-averse consumers under pandemics: Roles of blockchain technology and government sponsors,” IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 2023.
  • X. Shen, Z. Wang, B. Wang, L. Wang, and Q. Pei, “A privacypreserving ride-matching scheme without a trusted third-party server,” IEEE Systems Journal, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 6413–6424, 2023.
  • M. Li, Y. Chen, C. Lal, M. Conti, F. Martinelli, and M. Alazab, “Nereus: Anonymous and secure ride-hailing service based on private smart contracts,” IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 2849–2866, 2023.
  • H. W. Q. Li and C. Dong, “A privacy-preserving ride matching scheme for ride sharing services in a hot spot area,” Electronics, vol. 12, no. 4:915, 2023.
  • X. Zhang, J. Liu, Y. Li, Q. Cui, X. Tao, and R. P. Liu, “Blockchain based secure package delivery via ridesharing,” in 11th International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing (WCSP), 2019, pp. 1–6.
  • X. Zhang, J. Liu, Y. Li, Q. Cui, X. Tao, R. P. Liu, and W. Li, “Vehicle-oriented ridesharing package delivery in blockchain system,” Digital Communications and Networks, 2022.
  • S. Benedict, “Shared mobility intelligence using permissioned blockchains for smart cities,” New Gener. Comput., vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 1009–1027, January 2022.
  • S. Chopra, B. Palanisamy, and S. Sural, “Credit-based peerto- peer ride sharing using smart contracts,” in 2022 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC). IEEE, pp. 1–3.
  • S. Renu and B. G. Banik, “Implementation of a secure ridesharing dapp using smart contracts on ethereum blockchain,” International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering, vol. 11, pp. 167–173, 2021.
  • S. Nakamoto, “Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system,” Tech. Rep., 2008.
  • V. Buterin, “Ethereum,” Tech. Rep., 2014.
  • A. Hahn, R. Singh, C. C. Liu, and S. Chen, “Smart contractbased campus demonstration of decentralized transactive energy auctions,” in IEEE Power and Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT. IEEE, 2017, pp. 1–5.
  • T. Chen, A. S. Khan, G. Zheng, and S. Lambotharan, “Blockchain secured auction-based user offloading in heterogeneous wireless networks,” IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, vol. 9, no. 8, pp. 1141–1145, Aug 2020.
  • C. Schnorr, “Efficient signature generation by smart cards,” J. Cryptology, vol. 4, pp. 161–174, January 1991.
  • K. M. Moriarty, B. S. Kaliski, J. Jonsson, and A. Rusch, “Pkcs #1: Rsa cryptography specifications version 2.2,” RFC, Tech. Rep., 2016.
  • D. Johnson, A. Menezes, and S. Vanstone, “The elliptic curve digital signature algorithm (ecdsa),” International Journal of Information Security, vol. 1, pp. 36–63, 2001.
  • Z. Guan, G. Si, X. Zhang, L. Wu, N. Guizania, X. Du, and Y. Ma, “Privacy-preserving and efficient aggregation based on blockchain for power grid communications in smart communities,” IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 56, no. 7, pp. 82–88, July 2018.
  • O. Goldreich, S. Goldwasser, and S. Micali, “How to construct random functions,” Journal of the ACM (JACM), vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 792–807, 1986.

A Smart Contract Based Secure Ride Sharing System

Year 2024, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 1 - 22, 29.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.55859/ijiss.1399189

Abstract

A ride-sharing system provides many advantages. It reduces energy consumption. Moreover, it mitigates traffic congestion. Furthermore, it provides benefits to drivers and passengers in that they share travel costs (gas, toll ticket). Ride-sharing has been getting very popular since the COVID-19 pandemic. Since COVID-19 is very contagious and spread by infected people via coughs, sneezes, or talking, people avoid using public transportation to get the disease. People prefer to travel with a few people to protect their health. To prevent people from getting the disease and to have the advantages of a ride-sharing system, we introduce a ride-sharing system in which a driver only travels with a passenger for each event. Traveling with only one person provides advantages to both the driver and passenger. The driver (passenger) not only shares the cost of the trip but also reduces the risk of getting or spreading the disease. This paper proposes a smart-contract-based ride-sharing system that uses a $Vickrey$ (second highest bid) auction mechanism during a pandemic to determine the passenger. The system provides a decentralized, transparent, trackable, verifiable, and secure ride-sharing with the help of consortium blockchain. Using smart contracts in the system allows users’ bids to be transparent and verifiable. Furthermore, the proposed system provides a secure and lightweight mechanism to protect users' (drivers and passengers) travel data (locations and cost of travel). Their travel data for each event is going to be unlinkable.

References

  • D. Wang and X. Zhang, “Secure ride-sharing services based on a consortium blockchain,” IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 2976–2991, 2021.
  • D. Zonda and M. Meddeb, “Proxy re-encryption for privacy enhancement in blockchain: Carpooling use case,” in IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain), 2020, pp. 482–489.
  • K. Kato, Y. Yan, and H. Toyoizumi, “Blockchain application for rideshare service,” in 8th International Conference on Logistics, Informatics and Service Sciences (LISS), 2018, pp. 1–5.
  • S. Kudva, R. Norderhauga, S. Badsha, S. Sengupta, and A. S. M. Kayes, “Pebers: Practical ethereum blockchain based efficient ride hailing service,” in EEE International Conference on Informatics, IoT, and Enabling Technologies (ICIoT). IEEE, 2020, pp. 422–428.
  • M. S. Hossan, M. L. Khatun, S. Rahman, S. Reno, and M. Ahmed, “Securing ride-sharing service using ipfs and hyperledger based on private blockchain,” in 24th International Conference on Computer and Information Technology (ICCIT), 2021, pp. 1–6.
  • N. Mahmoud, A. Aly, and H. Abdelkader, “Enhancing blockchain-based ride-sharing services using ipfs,” Intelligent Systems with Applications, vol. 16, p. 200135, 2022.
  • T. M. Choi and X. Shi, “On-demand ride-hailing service platforms with hired drivers during coronavirus (covid-19) outbreak: can blockchain help?” IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, vol. 71, pp. 737–752, 2024.
  • J. Huang, Y. Luo, M. Xu, B. Hu, and J. Long, “pshare: Privacypreserving ride-sharing system with minimum-detouring route,” Applied Sciences, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 1–18, 2022.
  • P. Paillier, “Public-key cryptosystems based on composite degree residuosity classes,” in International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques. Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 1999, pp. 223–238.
  • T. M. Choi and J. B. Sheu, “Risk-averse ride-hailing platform operations with safety risk-averse consumers under pandemics: Roles of blockchain technology and government sponsors,” IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 2023.
  • X. Shen, Z. Wang, B. Wang, L. Wang, and Q. Pei, “A privacypreserving ride-matching scheme without a trusted third-party server,” IEEE Systems Journal, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 6413–6424, 2023.
  • M. Li, Y. Chen, C. Lal, M. Conti, F. Martinelli, and M. Alazab, “Nereus: Anonymous and secure ride-hailing service based on private smart contracts,” IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 2849–2866, 2023.
  • H. W. Q. Li and C. Dong, “A privacy-preserving ride matching scheme for ride sharing services in a hot spot area,” Electronics, vol. 12, no. 4:915, 2023.
  • X. Zhang, J. Liu, Y. Li, Q. Cui, X. Tao, and R. P. Liu, “Blockchain based secure package delivery via ridesharing,” in 11th International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing (WCSP), 2019, pp. 1–6.
  • X. Zhang, J. Liu, Y. Li, Q. Cui, X. Tao, R. P. Liu, and W. Li, “Vehicle-oriented ridesharing package delivery in blockchain system,” Digital Communications and Networks, 2022.
  • S. Benedict, “Shared mobility intelligence using permissioned blockchains for smart cities,” New Gener. Comput., vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 1009–1027, January 2022.
  • S. Chopra, B. Palanisamy, and S. Sural, “Credit-based peerto- peer ride sharing using smart contracts,” in 2022 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC). IEEE, pp. 1–3.
  • S. Renu and B. G. Banik, “Implementation of a secure ridesharing dapp using smart contracts on ethereum blockchain,” International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering, vol. 11, pp. 167–173, 2021.
  • S. Nakamoto, “Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system,” Tech. Rep., 2008.
  • V. Buterin, “Ethereum,” Tech. Rep., 2014.
  • A. Hahn, R. Singh, C. C. Liu, and S. Chen, “Smart contractbased campus demonstration of decentralized transactive energy auctions,” in IEEE Power and Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT. IEEE, 2017, pp. 1–5.
  • T. Chen, A. S. Khan, G. Zheng, and S. Lambotharan, “Blockchain secured auction-based user offloading in heterogeneous wireless networks,” IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, vol. 9, no. 8, pp. 1141–1145, Aug 2020.
  • C. Schnorr, “Efficient signature generation by smart cards,” J. Cryptology, vol. 4, pp. 161–174, January 1991.
  • K. M. Moriarty, B. S. Kaliski, J. Jonsson, and A. Rusch, “Pkcs #1: Rsa cryptography specifications version 2.2,” RFC, Tech. Rep., 2016.
  • D. Johnson, A. Menezes, and S. Vanstone, “The elliptic curve digital signature algorithm (ecdsa),” International Journal of Information Security, vol. 1, pp. 36–63, 2001.
  • Z. Guan, G. Si, X. Zhang, L. Wu, N. Guizania, X. Du, and Y. Ma, “Privacy-preserving and efficient aggregation based on blockchain for power grid communications in smart communities,” IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 56, no. 7, pp. 82–88, July 2018.
  • O. Goldreich, S. Goldwasser, and S. Micali, “How to construct random functions,” Journal of the ACM (JACM), vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 792–807, 1986.
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Data and Information Privacy
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Özgür Öksüz 0000-0001-5568-6116

Publication Date March 29, 2024
Submission Date December 1, 2023
Acceptance Date January 26, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 13 Issue: 1

Cite

IEEE Ö. Öksüz, “A Smart Contract Based Secure Ride Sharing System”, IJISS, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 1–22, 2024, doi: 10.55859/ijiss.1399189.