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Turkish Validity and Reliability Study of the Compassion Scale-Short Form

Year 2022, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 280 - 287, 14.07.2022

Şengül Üzen Cura Nurtekin Cura

https://doi.org/10.53424/balikesirsbd.1004906

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study is to fulfil the Turkish validity and reliability of the 16-item Compassion Scale.. Materials and Methods: The sample of the study was comprised of 509 students from a university located in the west of Turkey. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, explanatory and confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach alpha, test-retest and parallel-form reliability. Results: As a result of the exploratory factor analysis applied with varimax rotation, it was determined that the factor loads of the items were distributed between 0.334 and 0.793. It was calculated that the ratio of explaining the total variance of four components with an eigenvalue greater than 1 was 55.33%. It was found that the total Cronbach's alpha value of the scale was 0.77, the test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.76, and the parallel form reliability coefficient was 0.18. Conclusion: The findings obtained from the analysis conducted to adapt the 16-item Compassion Scale to Turkish society showed that the scale was a valid and reliable tool in determining the state of compassion. The findings obtained from the analyzes conducted to adapt the 16-item Compassion Scale to Turkish society showed that the scale was a valid and reliable tool in determining the state of compassion.

Keywords

Compassion scale adaptation validity reliability

References

  • Referans1 Akdeniz, S., & Deniz, M. (2016). Merhamet Ölçeği’nin Türkçeye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being, 4(1), 50-61.
  • Referans2 Bivins, R., Tierney, S., & Seers, K. (2017). Compassionate care: not easy, not free, not only nurses. In (Vol. 26, pp. 1023–1026): BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.
  • Referans3 Çapık, C. (2014). Use of confirmatory factor analysis in validity and reliability studies. Journal of Anatolia Nursing and Health Sciences, 17(3), 196-205.
  • Referans4 Ercan, İ., & Kan, İ. (2004). Reliability and Validity in The Scales. Journal of Uludağ University Medical Faculty, 30 (3), 211-216. Referans5 Erkorkmaz, Ü., Etikan, İ., Demir, O., Özdamar, K., & Sanisoğlu, S. Y. (2013). Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Fit Indices: Review. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences, 33(1), 210-223. https://doi.org/10.5336/medsci.2011-26747. Referans6 Esin, M. N. (2014). Veri toplama yöntem ve araçları & veri toplama araçlarının güvenirlik ve geçerliği.
  • Referans7 Henderson, A., & Jones, J. (2017). Developing and maintaining compassionate care in nursing. Nursing Standard (2014+), 32(4), 60.
  • Referans8 Hofmeyer, A., Toffoli, L., Vernon, R., Taylor, R., Klopper, H. C., Coetzee, S. K., & Fontaine, D. (2018). Teaching compassionate care to nursing students in a digital learning and teaching environment. Collegian, 25(3), 307-312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2017.08.001
  • Referans9 Incirkuş, K., & Nahcivan, N. (2020). Validity and reliability study of the Turkish version of the self-efficacy for managing chronic disease 6-item scale. Turkish journal of medical sciences, 50(5), 1254-1261. https://doi.org/10.3906/sag-1910-13
  • Referans10 Jeffrey, D. (2016). Empathy, sympathy and compassion in healthcare: Is there a problem? Is there a difference? Does it matter? Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 109(12), 446-452. https://doi.org/10.1177/0141076816680120
  • Referans11 Karaman, H., & Atar, B. Ç., Aktan Derya. (2017). The comparison of factor extraction methods used in exploratory factor analysis. Gazi University Journal of Gazi Educational Faculty (GUJGEF), 37(3).
  • Referans12 Koyuncu, I., & Kılıç, A. F. (2019). The use of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses: A document analysis. Education and Science, 44(198). https://doi.org/10.15390/EB.2019.7665
  • Referans13 Nas, E., & Sak, R. (2020). Merhamet ve merhamet odaklı terapi. Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 18(1), 64-84.
  • Referans14 Neff, K. D. (2010). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and identity, 2(3), 223-250. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309027
  • Referans15 Neff, K. D., & Pommier, E. (2013). The relationship between self-compassion and other-focused concern among college undergraduates, community adults, and practicing meditators. Self and identity, 12(2), 160-176. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2011.649546
  • Referans16 Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2017). Nursing research : generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice (Tenth edition. ed.). Wolters Kluwer Health.
  • Referans17 Pommier, E., Neff, K. D., & Tóth-Király, I. (2020). The development and validation of the Compassion Scale. Assessment, 27(1), 21-39. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191119874108
  • Referans18 Pommier, E. A. (2010). The compassion scale (Doctoral dissertation). The University of Texas at Austin, Texas, United States.
  • Referans1 Akdeniz, S., & Deniz, M. (2016). Merhamet Ölçeği’nin Türkçeye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being, 4(1), 50-61.
  • Referans2 Bivins, R., Tierney, S., & Seers, K. (2017). Compassionate care: not easy, not free, not only nurses. In (Vol. 26, pp. 1023–1026): BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.
  • Referans3 Çapık, C. (2014). Use of confirmatory factor analysis in validity and reliability studies. Journal of Anatolia Nursing and Health Sciences, 17(3), 196-205.
  • Referans4 Ercan, İ., & Kan, İ. (2004). Reliability and Validity in The Scales. Journal of Uludağ University Medical Faculty, 30 (3), 211-216. Referans5 Erkorkmaz, Ü., Etikan, İ., Demir, O., Özdamar, K., & Sanisoğlu, S. Y. (2013). Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Fit Indices: Review. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences, 33(1), 210-223. https://doi.org/10.5336/medsci.2011-26747. Referans6 Esin, M. N. (2014). Veri toplama yöntem ve araçları & veri toplama araçlarının güvenirlik ve geçerliği. 2014. 217-30 p.
  • Referans7 Henderson, A., & Jones, J. (2017). Developing and maintaining compassionate care in nursing. Nursing Standard (2014+), 32(4), 60.
  • Referans8 Hofmeyer, A., Toffoli, L., Vernon, R., Taylor, R., Klopper, H. C., Coetzee, S. K., & Fontaine, D. (2018). Teaching compassionate care to nursing students in a digital learning and teaching environment. Collegian, 25(3), 307-312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2017.08.001
  • Referans9 Incirkuş, K., & Nahcivan, N. (2020). Validity and reliability study of the Turkish version of the self-efficacy for managing chronic disease 6-item scale. Turkish journal of medical sciences, 50(5), 1254-1261. https://doi.org/10.3906/sag-1910-13
  • Referans10 Jeffrey, D. (2016). Empathy, sympathy and compassion in healthcare: Is there a problem? Is there a difference? Does it matter? Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 109(12), 446-452. https://doi.org/10.1177/0141076816680120
  • Referans11 Karaman, H., & Atar, B. Ç., Aktan Derya. (2017). The comparison of factor extraction methods used in exploratory factor analysis. Gazi University Journal of Gazi Educational Faculty (GUJGEF), 37(3).
  • Referans12 Koyuncu, I., & Kılıç, A. F. (2019). The use of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses: A document analysis. Education and Science, 44(198). https://doi.org/10.15390/EB.2019.7665
  • Referans13 Nas, E., & Sak, R. (2020). Merhamet ve merhamet odaklı terapi. Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 18(1), 64-84.
  • Referans14 Neff, K. D. (2010). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and identity, 2(3), 223-250. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309027
  • Referans15 Neff, K. D., & Pommier, E. (2013). The relationship between self-compassion and other-focused concern among college undergraduates, community adults, and practicing meditators. Self and identity, 12(2), 160-176. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2011.649546
  • Referans16 Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2017). Nursing research : generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice (Tenth edition. ed.). Wolters Kluwer Health.
  • Referans17 Pommier, E., Neff, K. D., & Tóth-Király, I. (2020). The development and validation of the Compassion Scale. Assessment, 27(1), 21-39. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191119874108
  • Referans18 Pommier, E. A. (2010). The compassion scale (Doctoral dissertation). The University of Texas at Austin, Texas, United States.
  • Referans19 Price, C., & Caouette, J. (2018). The Moral Psychology of Compassion.
  • Referans20 Raes, F., Pommier, E., Neff, K. D., & Van Gucht, D. (2011). Construction and factorial validation of a short form of the self‐compassion scale. Clinical psychology & psychotherapy, 18(3), 250-255. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.702
  • Referans21 Seppälä, E. M., Simon-Thomas, E., Brown, S. L., Worline, M. C., Cameron, C. D., & Doty, J. R. (2017). The Oxford handbook of compassion science. Oxford University Press.
  • Referans22 Sinclair, S., Beamer, K., Hack, T. F., McClement, S., Raffin Bouchal, S., Chochinov, H. M., & Hagen, N. A. (2017). Sympathy, empathy, and compassion: A grounded theory study of palliative care patients’ understandings, experiences, and preferences. Palliative medicine, 31(5), 437-447. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269216316663499
  • Referans23 Yıldırım, M., & Sarı, T. (2018). Adaptation of the short form of Self-Compassıon Scale into Turkish: a validity and reliability study. Bulu Abant İzzet Baysal University Journal of Faculty of Education, 18(4), 2502-2517. https://doi.org/0.17240/aibuefd.2018.18.41844-452171
  • Referans24 Younas, A., & Maddigan, J. (2019). Proposing a policy framework for nursing education for fostering compassion in nursing students: A critical review. Journal of advanced nursing, 75(8), 1621-1636. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13946

Merhamet Ölçeğinin Kısa Formunun Türkçe Geçerlik Güvenirlik Çalışması

Year 2022, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 280 - 287, 14.07.2022

Şengül Üzen Cura Nurtekin Cura

https://doi.org/10.53424/balikesirsbd.1004906

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, 16 maddelik Merhamet Ölçeğinin Türkçe geçerlik güvenirlik çalışmasını yapmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmanın örneklemini Türkiye’nin batısında yer alan bir üniversitenin 509 öğrencisi oluşturdu. Veriler, tanımlayıcı istatistikler, açıklayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizleri, Cronbach alfa, test-tekrar test ve paralel form güvenilirliği ile analiz edildi. Bulgular: Varimaks rotasyonu ile uygulanan Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi sonucunda maddelerin faktör yüklerinin 0,334 ile 0,793 arasında dağıldığı belirlendi. Özdeğeri 1’den büyük dört faktörüntoplam varyansı açıklama oranının %55,33 olduğu hesaplandı. Ölçek toplam Cronbach's alpha değeri 0,77, test-tekrar test güvenirlik katsayısı 0,76, paralel form güvenirlik katsayısı ise 0,18 olarak bulundu. Sonuç: 16 maddelik Merhamet ölçeğinin Türk toplumuna uyarlanması için yapılan analizlerden elde edilen bulgular, ölçeğin merhamet durumunu belirlemede geçerli ve güvenilir bir araç olduğunu gösterdi.

Keywords

Merhamet ölçek uyarlama geçerlik güvenirlik

References

  • Referans1 Akdeniz, S., & Deniz, M. (2016). Merhamet Ölçeği’nin Türkçeye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being, 4(1), 50-61.
  • Referans2 Bivins, R., Tierney, S., & Seers, K. (2017). Compassionate care: not easy, not free, not only nurses. In (Vol. 26, pp. 1023–1026): BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.
  • Referans3 Çapık, C. (2014). Use of confirmatory factor analysis in validity and reliability studies. Journal of Anatolia Nursing and Health Sciences, 17(3), 196-205.
  • Referans4 Ercan, İ., & Kan, İ. (2004). Reliability and Validity in The Scales. Journal of Uludağ University Medical Faculty, 30 (3), 211-216. Referans5 Erkorkmaz, Ü., Etikan, İ., Demir, O., Özdamar, K., & Sanisoğlu, S. Y. (2013). Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Fit Indices: Review. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences, 33(1), 210-223. https://doi.org/10.5336/medsci.2011-26747. Referans6 Esin, M. N. (2014). Veri toplama yöntem ve araçları & veri toplama araçlarının güvenirlik ve geçerliği.
  • Referans7 Henderson, A., & Jones, J. (2017). Developing and maintaining compassionate care in nursing. Nursing Standard (2014+), 32(4), 60.
  • Referans8 Hofmeyer, A., Toffoli, L., Vernon, R., Taylor, R., Klopper, H. C., Coetzee, S. K., & Fontaine, D. (2018). Teaching compassionate care to nursing students in a digital learning and teaching environment. Collegian, 25(3), 307-312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2017.08.001
  • Referans9 Incirkuş, K., & Nahcivan, N. (2020). Validity and reliability study of the Turkish version of the self-efficacy for managing chronic disease 6-item scale. Turkish journal of medical sciences, 50(5), 1254-1261. https://doi.org/10.3906/sag-1910-13
  • Referans10 Jeffrey, D. (2016). Empathy, sympathy and compassion in healthcare: Is there a problem? Is there a difference? Does it matter? Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 109(12), 446-452. https://doi.org/10.1177/0141076816680120
  • Referans11 Karaman, H., & Atar, B. Ç., Aktan Derya. (2017). The comparison of factor extraction methods used in exploratory factor analysis. Gazi University Journal of Gazi Educational Faculty (GUJGEF), 37(3).
  • Referans12 Koyuncu, I., & Kılıç, A. F. (2019). The use of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses: A document analysis. Education and Science, 44(198). https://doi.org/10.15390/EB.2019.7665
  • Referans13 Nas, E., & Sak, R. (2020). Merhamet ve merhamet odaklı terapi. Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 18(1), 64-84.
  • Referans14 Neff, K. D. (2010). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and identity, 2(3), 223-250. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309027
  • Referans15 Neff, K. D., & Pommier, E. (2013). The relationship between self-compassion and other-focused concern among college undergraduates, community adults, and practicing meditators. Self and identity, 12(2), 160-176. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2011.649546
  • Referans16 Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2017). Nursing research : generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice (Tenth edition. ed.). Wolters Kluwer Health.
  • Referans17 Pommier, E., Neff, K. D., & Tóth-Király, I. (2020). The development and validation of the Compassion Scale. Assessment, 27(1), 21-39. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191119874108
  • Referans18 Pommier, E. A. (2010). The compassion scale (Doctoral dissertation). The University of Texas at Austin, Texas, United States.
  • Referans1 Akdeniz, S., & Deniz, M. (2016). Merhamet Ölçeği’nin Türkçeye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being, 4(1), 50-61.
  • Referans2 Bivins, R., Tierney, S., & Seers, K. (2017). Compassionate care: not easy, not free, not only nurses. In (Vol. 26, pp. 1023–1026): BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.
  • Referans3 Çapık, C. (2014). Use of confirmatory factor analysis in validity and reliability studies. Journal of Anatolia Nursing and Health Sciences, 17(3), 196-205.
  • Referans4 Ercan, İ., & Kan, İ. (2004). Reliability and Validity in The Scales. Journal of Uludağ University Medical Faculty, 30 (3), 211-216. Referans5 Erkorkmaz, Ü., Etikan, İ., Demir, O., Özdamar, K., & Sanisoğlu, S. Y. (2013). Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Fit Indices: Review. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences, 33(1), 210-223. https://doi.org/10.5336/medsci.2011-26747. Referans6 Esin, M. N. (2014). Veri toplama yöntem ve araçları & veri toplama araçlarının güvenirlik ve geçerliği. 2014. 217-30 p.
  • Referans7 Henderson, A., & Jones, J. (2017). Developing and maintaining compassionate care in nursing. Nursing Standard (2014+), 32(4), 60.
  • Referans8 Hofmeyer, A., Toffoli, L., Vernon, R., Taylor, R., Klopper, H. C., Coetzee, S. K., & Fontaine, D. (2018). Teaching compassionate care to nursing students in a digital learning and teaching environment. Collegian, 25(3), 307-312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2017.08.001
  • Referans9 Incirkuş, K., & Nahcivan, N. (2020). Validity and reliability study of the Turkish version of the self-efficacy for managing chronic disease 6-item scale. Turkish journal of medical sciences, 50(5), 1254-1261. https://doi.org/10.3906/sag-1910-13
  • Referans10 Jeffrey, D. (2016). Empathy, sympathy and compassion in healthcare: Is there a problem? Is there a difference? Does it matter? Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 109(12), 446-452. https://doi.org/10.1177/0141076816680120
  • Referans11 Karaman, H., & Atar, B. Ç., Aktan Derya. (2017). The comparison of factor extraction methods used in exploratory factor analysis. Gazi University Journal of Gazi Educational Faculty (GUJGEF), 37(3).
  • Referans12 Koyuncu, I., & Kılıç, A. F. (2019). The use of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses: A document analysis. Education and Science, 44(198). https://doi.org/10.15390/EB.2019.7665
  • Referans13 Nas, E., & Sak, R. (2020). Merhamet ve merhamet odaklı terapi. Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 18(1), 64-84.
  • Referans14 Neff, K. D. (2010). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and identity, 2(3), 223-250. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309027
  • Referans15 Neff, K. D., & Pommier, E. (2013). The relationship between self-compassion and other-focused concern among college undergraduates, community adults, and practicing meditators. Self and identity, 12(2), 160-176. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2011.649546
  • Referans16 Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2017). Nursing research : generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice (Tenth edition. ed.). Wolters Kluwer Health.
  • Referans17 Pommier, E., Neff, K. D., & Tóth-Király, I. (2020). The development and validation of the Compassion Scale. Assessment, 27(1), 21-39. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191119874108
  • Referans18 Pommier, E. A. (2010). The compassion scale (Doctoral dissertation). The University of Texas at Austin, Texas, United States.
  • Referans19 Price, C., & Caouette, J. (2018). The Moral Psychology of Compassion.
  • Referans20 Raes, F., Pommier, E., Neff, K. D., & Van Gucht, D. (2011). Construction and factorial validation of a short form of the self‐compassion scale. Clinical psychology & psychotherapy, 18(3), 250-255. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.702
  • Referans21 Seppälä, E. M., Simon-Thomas, E., Brown, S. L., Worline, M. C., Cameron, C. D., & Doty, J. R. (2017). The Oxford handbook of compassion science. Oxford University Press.
  • Referans22 Sinclair, S., Beamer, K., Hack, T. F., McClement, S., Raffin Bouchal, S., Chochinov, H. M., & Hagen, N. A. (2017). Sympathy, empathy, and compassion: A grounded theory study of palliative care patients’ understandings, experiences, and preferences. Palliative medicine, 31(5), 437-447. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269216316663499
  • Referans23 Yıldırım, M., & Sarı, T. (2018). Adaptation of the short form of Self-Compassıon Scale into Turkish: a validity and reliability study. Bulu Abant İzzet Baysal University Journal of Faculty of Education, 18(4), 2502-2517. https://doi.org/0.17240/aibuefd.2018.18.41844-452171
  • Referans24 Younas, A., & Maddigan, J. (2019). Proposing a policy framework for nursing education for fostering compassion in nursing students: A critical review. Journal of advanced nursing, 75(8), 1621-1636. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13946
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Şengül Üzen Cura 0000-0001-9649-6976

Nurtekin Cura 0000-0002-7090-2566

Publication Date July 14, 2022
Submission Date October 5, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 11 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Üzen Cura, Ş., & Cura, N. (2022). Turkish Validity and Reliability Study of the Compassion Scale-Short Form. Balıkesir Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(2), 280-287. https://doi.org/10.53424/balikesirsbd.1004906
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