Published April 24, 2018 | Version v1
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Рішення, дії чи бездіяльність слідчого або прокурора як предмет оскарження у кримінальному провадженні

  • 1. аспірант Харківського національного університету внутрішніх справ, м. Харків, Україна; e-mail: vadimshestakov@i.ua

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З'ясовано, що предметом оскарження є саме рішення, дії або бездіяльність слідчого, прокурора, оскільки вони містять їх владне волевиявлення, становлять процесуальний акт-дію або стосуються невиконання ними процесуального обов’язку, якими безпідставно можуть обмежуватися або порушуватися права учасників провадження. Доведено, що право на оскарження повинно бути надано особі у випадку недотримання її процесуальних, конституційних прав та свобод, порушення вимог засад кримінального провадження або перешкоджання досягненню його завдань. Визначено, надання більш широких прав особі на оскарження рішень, дій, бездіяльності слідчого чи прокурора виступає елементом ефективного засобу юридичного захисту їх прав та свобод.

Установлено, что предметом обжалования есть само решение, действия или бездействие следователя, прокурора, поскольку они содержат их властное волеизъявление, составляют процессуальный акт-действие или касаются невыполнения ими процессуальной обязанности, которыми безосновательно могут ограничиваться или нарушаться права участников производства. Доказано, что право на обжалование должно быть предоставлено лицу в случае несоблюдения ее процессуальных, конституционных прав и свобод, нарушение требований принципов уголовного производства или препятствование достижению его задач. Определено, что предоставление более широких прав лицу на обжалование решений, действий, бездействия следователя, прокурора является элементом эффективного средства юридической защиты его прав и свобод.

The Institute of appealing decisions, actions or omissions of the investigator, the prosecutor is considered as a means of protecting the rights of the participants in the process. It is established that the object of the appeal is the decision itself, the actions or inaction of the investigator, the prosecutor, since they contain their authoritative will, constitute a procedural act-action, or concern them with non-fulfillment of their procedural obligations that the rights of participants in the proceedings may be groundlessly restricted or violated. It is proved that the right to appeal must be granted to a person in case of non-compliance with her procedural, constitutional rights and freedoms, violation of the requirements of the principles of criminal proceedings or obstruction of the achievement of his tasks. It is determined that the granting of broader rights to a person to appeal decisions, actions, omissions of the investigator, the prosecutor is an element of an effective means of legal protection of his rights and freedoms. The article describes the characteristics of decisions, actions or inactivity of the pre-trial investigation body or prosecutor as an object of appeal in criminal proceedings. It is indicated that the subject of an appeal in a criminal proceeding is appropriate to be understood as a certain object or phenomenon that has come to an end in its decision, action, etc. authorized officials, which caused the protest of the participant in the criminal proceedings, and about which they can formally file a complaint. The content of the subject of the appeal is the power of the investigator or prosecutor, the commission of certain procedural acts-actions or non-performance of procedural duty and his legal form is the decision, action or inaction, in particular, the body of the pre-trial investigation or prosecutor. It is proved that the possibility of appealing decisions, actions or omissions of an investigator or a prosecutor during a pre-trial investigation that constitute an object of appeal is due to the fact that they may restrict or impede the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of interested parties in criminal proceedings and may also impede the fulfillment of the tasks of criminal proceedings. It was noted that the clear definition of the subject matter of the appeal in the law as well as the granting of wider rights to the participants in criminal proceedings to appeal decisions, actions or inactivity of the pre-trial investigation body or prosecutor serves as an effective means of legal protection of the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of a person in criminal proceedings. More complete realization of the principles of competition in the national criminal process, as well as the need to ensure the rights of each, provided for in Art.55 of the Constitution of Ukraine and Art.13 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, require steps to expand the scope of this institution.

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