Depth perception of stereokinetic cone and absolute distance information

SACHIO NAKAMIZO; MICHIAKI KONDO

doi:10.4992/psycholres1954.37.139

SACHIO NAKAMIZO, MICHIAKI KONDO

Author information

Keywords: stereokinetic effect, motion parallax, depth perception, absolute distance

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

1995 Volume 37 Issue 3 Pages 139-145

DOI https://doi.org/10.4992/psycholres1954.37.139

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Published: October 25, 1995 Received: December 22, 1993 Available on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009 Accepted: September 03, 1994 Advance online publication: - Revised: -
Correction information
Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: AFFILIATION Details: Wrong :
1) Department of Psychology. Fukuoka University of Education
2) Department of Psychology. Kitakyushu University

Right :
1) Department of Psychology, Fukuoka University of Education
2) Department of Psychology, Kitakyushu University

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : Braunstein, M. L. 1976 Depth perception through motion. New York: Academic Press.
Duncan, F. S. 1975 Kinetic art: psychokinematic objects. Leonardo, 8, 97-101.
Kanizsa, G., & Gerhino, W. 1982 Amodal completion: Seeing or thinking? In J. Beck (Ed.), Organization and representation in perception. Hilisdale. NJ: Lawrence Erlhaum Associates. Pp. 167-190.
Kondo, M., Haraguchi, M., Yanagida, T., & Shimono. K. 1983 Theoretical and experimental research on the stereokinetic effect, Bulletin of Faculty of Literature. Kitakyushu University, 20, 97-103. (In Japanese)
Metzger, W. 1953 Gesetze des Sehens. Frankfurt: Waldemar Kramer & Co.
Musatti, C. L. 1924 Sui fenomeni stereocinetici. Archivo Italiano di Psicologia. 3, 105-120.
Musatti, C. L. 1955 La stereocinesi e il problema della struttura della spazio visibile. Rivista di Psicologia, 49, 3-57.
Musatti. C. L. 1975 Stereokinetic phenomena and their interpretation, In G. B. Flores d'Arcais (Ed.), Studies in perception. Milan: Martello-Giunti. Pp. 166-189
Nakamizo. S., & Saida. S. 1990 Motion parallax: a brief history and perspectives. Bulletin of Fukuoka University of Education, 39, 239-264. (In Japanese)
Nakamizo, S., Kondo, M., & Shimono, K. 1994 Magnitude of perceived depth of stereokintic cone as a function of absolute distance and eccentricity. Perception, 23., 45. (In preparation)
Ono, M., Rivest. J., & Ono, H. 1986 Depth perception as a function of motion parallax and absolute distance information. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance. 12, 331-337.
Ono, H., & Steinbach, M. J. 1990 Monocular stereopsis with and without head movement. Perception and Pschophysics, 48, 179-187.
Proffitt, D. R., Rock I., Hecht, H., & Schubert, J. 1992 Stereokinetic effect and its relation to the kinetic depth effect. Journal of Piperintental Psrchologs: Human Perception and Perforrnance, 18, 3-21.
Robinson, J. O., Piggins, D. J., & Wilson, J. A. 1985 Shape height and angular movement in stereokinesis. Perception, 14, 677-683.
Rogers, B., & Graham, M. 1979 Motion parallax as an independent cue for depth perception. Perception, 8, 125-134.
Saida, S., & Nakamizo, S. 1987 Motion parallax and absolute distance information. Proceedings of Meeting of Applied Physics, 604.
Sumi, S. 1989 Kinetic contours in rotation objects. Perception, 18, 293-302.
Wallach, H . & O'Connell, D. N. 1953 The kinetic depth effects. Journal of Experimental Psychnlogy, 45, 205-217.
Wilson. J. A., Robinson, J. O., & Piggins, D. J. 1983 Wobble cones and wobble holes: the Stereokinetic effect revisited. Perception, 12, 187-193.
Zanforlin, M. 1988a The height of a Stereokinetic cone: a quantitative determination of a 3-D effect from 2-D moving patterns without a “rigidity assumption”. Psychological Research, 50, 162-172.
Zanforlin, M. 1988b Stereokinetic phenomena as good gestalts. Gestalt Theory, 10, 187-214.

Right : Braunstein, M.L. 1976 Depth perception through motion. New York: Academic Press.
Duncan, F.S. 1975 Kinetic art: psychokinematic objects. Leonardo, 8, 97-101.
Kanizsa, G., & Gerbino, W. 1982 Amodal completion: Seeing or thinking? In J. Beck (Ed.), Organization and representation in perception. Hillsdale, NJ: Lao rence Erlhaum Associates. Pp.67-190.
Kondo, M., Hariguchi, m., Yana, gida, T., &Shimono, K 1083 Theoretical and ecperimental research on the stereokinetic effect, Bulletin of Faculty Kitakyushu University, 20, 97-103. In Japanese
Metzger. W. 1953 Geset: des Schens. Frankfurt: W aldemar Kramer, & Co.
Musatti, C.L. 1924 Sul fenomeni stereocinetici. Archiro lraliruur di Pcico/ogia, 3. 105-120.
Musatti, C.L. 1955 La stereocinesi e il problema della struttura dello spazio visibile. Rirista di Psicologia 49, 3-57.
Musatti. C.L. 1975 Stereokinetic phenomena and their interpretation_In G.B.Flores d'Arcais (Ed.). Studies in perception, Milan: Martello-Giunti. Pp.166-189
Nakamizo, S. & Saida. S. 1990 Motion parallax: a brief history and perspectives. Bulletin of Fukuoka University of Education, 39, 239-264.(In Japanese)
Nakamizo. S. Kondo, M. & Shimono, K. 1994 Magnitude of perceived depth of stereokintic cone as a function of absolute distance and eccentricity. Perceptio, 23. 45 (In preparation)
Ono, M., Rivest, J. & Ono, H. 1986 Depth perception as a function of motion parallax and absolute distance information. Journal of Experimental Psschr, ilogv_ Human Perception and Performance, 12. 331-337.
Ono, H., & Steinbach, M. J. 1991 Monocular stereopsis with and without head movement. Perception and Psyehophtsics, 48, 179-187.
Proffitt, D.R., Rock, I., Hecht, H., & Schubert, J. 1992 Stereokinetic effect and its relation to the kinetic depth effect. Jourrnaf of Erperimenral Psych Human Perception and Perlin-mance, 18, 3-21.
Robinson, J. 0., Piggins, D.J., & Wilson, J. A. 1985 Shape, height and angular movement in stereokinesis. Perception, 14, 677-683.
Rogers, B., & Graham, M. 1979 Motion parallax as an independent cue for depth perception. Perception, 8, 125-134.
Saida, S., ti Nakamizo, S. 1987 Motion parallax and absolute distance information. Proceedings of Meeting of Applied Physics, 604.
Sumi, S. 1989 Kinetic contours in rotation objects. Perception, 18, 293-302.
Wallach, H. & O'Connell, D.N. 1953 The kinetic depth effects. Journal of Experimental Psnchnlocr, 45, 205-217
Wilson, J.A Robinson, Ea, & Piggins, D.J. 1983 Wobble cones and wobble holes: the stereokinetie effect revisited. Perception, 12, 187-193.
Zanforlin, M. 19883 The height of a stereokinetic conea quantitative determination of a 3-D effect from 2-D moving patterns without a “rigidity assumption.” Psvchologual Research, 50, 162-172.
Zanforlin, M. 1988b Stereokinetic phenomena as good gestalts. Gestalt Tlteocr, 10, 187-214.

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: PDF FILE Details: -

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: Wrong : Magnitudes of the apparent depth of eccentric circles and real cone stimuli were measured as a function of viewing distance when they were rotated on a circular disc and viewed monocularly. The diameters of the largest circle and base of the cone were 5, 10, 20, and 40cm at the viewing distances, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4m, respectively. The height of each cone was equal to the diameter of its base. The cones were tilted 15 deg from the fronto-parallel plane so that their retinal images approximated to those of the eccentric circles stimuli. Eight observers produced the magnitude of depth of the perceived stimuli at each of the four viewing distances. The mean magnitude of the apparent depth for the eccentric circles stimulus increased linearly as a function of the viewing distance. The height of the cone stimulus was perceived veridically. The results of the experiment are consistent with the motion parallax hypothesis which states that the visual system calibrates motion parallax according to absolute distance information in processing stereokinetic depth.
Right : Magnitudes of the apparent depth of eccentric circles and real cone stimuli were measured as a function of viewing distance when they were rotated on a circular disc and viewed monocularly. The diameters of the largest circle and base of the cone were 5, 10, 20, and 40 cm at the viewing distances, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 m, respectively. The height of each cone was equal to the diameter of its base. The cones were tilted 15 deg from the fronto-parallel plane so that their retinal images approximated to those of the eccentric circles stimuli. Eight observers produced the magnitude of depth of the perceived stimuli at each of the four viewing distances. The mean magnitude of the apparent depth for the eccentric circles stimulus increased linearly as a function of the viewing distance. The height of the cone stimulus was perceived veridically. The results of the experiment are consistent with the motion parallax hypothesis which states that the visual system calibrates motion parallax according to absolute distance information in processing stereokinetic depth.

Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : Braunstein, M.L. 1976 Depth perception through motion. New York: Academic Press.
Duncan, F.S. 1975 Kinetic art: psychokinematic objects. Leonardo, 8, 97-101.
Kanizsa, G., & Gerbino, W. 1982 Amodal completion: Seeing or thinking? In J. Beck (Ed.), Organization and representation in perception. Hillsdale, NJ: Lao rence Erlhaum Associates. Pp.67-190.
Kondo, M., Hariguchi, m., Yana, gida, T., &Shimono, K 1083 Theoretical and ecperimental research on the stereokinetic effect, Bulletin of Faculty Kitakyushu University, 20, 97-103. In Japanese
Metzger. W. 1953 Geset: des Schens. Frankfurt: W aldemar Kramer, & Co.
Musatti, C.L. 1924 Sul fenomeni stereocinetici. Archiro lraliruur di Pcico/ogia, 3. 105-120.
Musatti, C.L. 1955 La stereocinesi e il problema della struttura dello spazio visibile. Rirista di Psicologia 49, 3-57.
Musatti. C.L. 1975 Stereokinetic phenomena and their interpretation_In G.B.Flores d'Arcais (Ed.). Studies in perception, Milan: Martello-Giunti. Pp.166-189
Nakamizo, S. & Saida. S. 1990 Motion parallax: a brief history and perspectives. Bulletin of Fukuoka University of Education, 39, 239-264.(In Japanese)
Nakamizo. S. Kondo, M. & Shimono, K. 1994 Magnitude of perceived depth of stereokintic cone as a function of absolute distance and eccentricity. Perceptio, 23. 45 (In preparation)
Ono, M., Rivest, J. & Ono, H. 1986 Depth perception as a function of motion parallax and absolute distance information. Journal of Experimental Psschr, ilogv_ Human Perception and Performance, 12. 331-337.
Ono, H., & Steinbach, M. J. 1991 Monocular stereopsis with and without head movement. Perception and Psyehophtsics, 48, 179-187.
Proffitt, D.R., Rock, I., Hecht, H., & Schubert, J. 1992 Stereokinetic effect and its relation to the kinetic depth effect. Jourrnaf of Erperimenral Psych Human Perception and Perlin-mance, 18, 3-21.
Robinson, J. 0., Piggins, D.J., & Wilson, J. A. 1985 Shape, height and angular movement in stereokinesis. Perception, 14, 677-683.
Rogers, B., & Graham, M. 1979 Motion parallax as an independent cue for depth perception. Perception, 8, 125-134.
Saida, S., ti Nakamizo, S. 1987 Motion parallax and absolute distance information. Proceedings of Meeting of Applied Physics, 604.
Sumi, S. 1989 Kinetic contours in rotation objects. Perception, 18, 293-302.
Wallach, H. & O'Connell, D.N. 1953 The kinetic depth effects. Journal of Experimental Psnchnlocr, 45, 205-217
Wilson, J.A Robinson, Ea, & Piggins, D.J. 1983 Wobble cones and wobble holes: the stereokinetie effect revisited. Perception, 12, 187-193.
Zanforlin, M. 19883 The height of a stereokinetic conea quantitative determination of a 3-D effect from 2-D moving patterns without a “rigidity assumption.” Psvchologual Research, 50, 162-172.
Zanforlin, M. 1988b Stereokinetic phenomena as good gestalts. Gestalt Tlteocr, 10, 187-214.

Right : Braunstein, M. L. 1976 Depth perception through motion. New York: Academic Press.
Duncan, F. S. 1975 Kinetic art: psychokinematic objects. Leonardo, 8, 97-101.
Kanizsa, G., & Gerbino, W. 1982 Amodal completion: Seeing or thinking? In J. Beck (Ed.), Organization and representation in perception. Hillsdale. NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Pp.167-190.
Kondo, M., Haraguchi, M., Yanagida, T., & Shimono, K. 1983 Theoretical and experimental research on the stereokinetic effect, Bulletin of Faculty of Literature. Kitakyushu University, 20, 97-103.(In Japanese)
Metzger. W. 1953 Gesetze des Sehens. Frankfurt: Waldemar Kramer & Co.
Musatti, C. L. 1924 Sui fenomeni stereocinetici. Archivo ltaliano di Psicologia, 3, 105-120.
Musatti, C. L. 1955 La stereocinesi e il problema della struttura dello spazio visibile. Rivista di Psicologia. 49, 3-57.
Musatti, C. L. 1975 Stereokinetic phenomena and their interpretation. In G. B. Flores d'Arcais (Ed.), Studies in perception. Milan: Martello-Giunti. Pp.166-189.
Nakamizo, S., & Saida, S. 1990 Motion parallax: a brief history and perspectives. Bulletin of Fukuoka University of Education. 39, 239-264.(In Japanese)
Nakamizo, S., Kondo, M., & Shimono, K. 1994 Magnitude of perceived depth of stereokintic cone as a function of absolute distance and eccentricity. Perception, 23, 45.(In preparation)
Ono, M., Rivest, J., & Ono, H. 1986 Depth perception as a function of motion parallax and absolute distance information. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance. 12, 331-337.
Ono, H., & Steinbach, M. J. 1990 Monocular stereopsis with and without head movement. Perception and Psychophysics, 48, 179-187.
Proffitt, D. R., Rock, I., Hecht, H., & Schubert, J. 1992 Stereokinetic effect and its relation to the kinetic depth effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 18, 3-21.
Robinson, J. O., Piggins, D. J., & Wilson, J. A. 1985 Shape, height and angular movement in stereokinesis. Perception, 14, 677-683.
Rogers, B., & Graham, M. 1979 Motion parallax as an independent cue for depth perception. Perception, 8, 125-134.
Saida, S., & Nakamizo, S. 1987 Motion parallax and absolute distance information. Proceedings of Meeting of Applied Physics, 604.
Sumi, S. 1989 Kinetic contours in rotation objects. Perception, 18, 293-302.
Wallach, H., & O'Connell, D. N. 1953 The kinetic depth effects. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 45, 205-217.
Wilson, J. A. Robinson, J. O., & Piggins, D. J. 1983 Wobble cones and wobble holes: the stereokinetie effect revisited. Perception, 12, 187-193.
Zanforlin, M. 1988a The height of a stereokinetic cone: a quantitative determination of a 3-D effect from 2-D moving patterns without a “rigidity assumption”. Psychological Research, 50, 162-172.
Zanforlin, M. 1988b Stereokinetic phenomena as good gestalts. Gestalt Theory, 10, 187-214.

Abstract

Magnitudes of the apparent depth of eccentric circles and real cone stimuli were measured as a function of viewing distance when they were rotated on a circular disc and viewed monocularly. The diameters of the largest circle and base of the cone were 5, 10, 20, and 40 cm at the viewing distances, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 m, respectively. The height of each cone was equal to the diameter of its base. The cones were tilted 15 deg from the fronto-parallel plane so that their retinal images approximated to those of the eccentric circles stimuli. Eight observers produced the magnitude of depth of the perceived stimuli at each of the four viewing distances. The mean magnitude of the apparent depth for the eccentric circles stimulus increased linearly as a function of the viewing distance. The height of the cone stimulus was perceived veridically. The results of the experiment are consistent with the motion parallax hypothesis which states that the visual system calibrates motion parallax according to absolute distance information in processing stereokinetic depth.

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Correction information

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