İnceleme Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Duygu Odaklı Terapinin Türk Kültüründe Uygulanabilirliğinin Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 1367 - 1392, 23.03.2023

Mehmet Rüştü Kalafatoğlu Seher Balcı Çelik

https://doi.org/10.48146/odusobiad.1104550

Öz

Duygu Odaklı Terapi duyguların psikolojik danışma sürecindeki önemine vurgu yapan post-modern bir yaklaşımdır. Özellikle klasik psikolojik danışma yaklaşımlarının sahip olduğu düşünceleri ve davranışları düzenleyerek duyguları kontrol altına almayı hedefleyen bakış açısından ziyade duyguları değişim ve dönüşüm için merkeze alan bir bakış açısı bulunmaktadır. 1980’li yıllarda Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde çalışmalarını sürdüren Leslie Greenberg ve Susan Johnson tarafından geliştirilen Duygu Odaklı Terapi ilk zamanlarda çift terapilerinde kullanılırken ilerleyen zamanlarda aile terapilerinde ve bireysel terapilerde de kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Ancak günümüzde Batılı psikolojik danışma yaklaşımlarının gelişmiş oldukları kültüre ait izler taşıdığına ve bu durumun o kültüre mensup insanlara ayrıcalık sağladığına yönelik tartışmalar hız kazanmıştır. Bu tartışmaların sonucunda da psikolojik danışma yaklaşımlarının farklı kültürler üzerinde ne kadar etkili olacağına ilişkin çalışmalar yapılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda Duygu Odaklı Terapinin Türk kültüründe uygulanabilirliğinin Türk kültür penceresinden değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda Duygu Odaklı Terapinin temel felsefesi, insan doğasına bakış açısı ve kullanılan temel kavramları ele alınmıştır. Değerlendirmeler sonucu Duygu Odaklı Terapinin temel felsefesinin ve insan doğasına bakış açısının Türk kültüne uygunluğuna yönelik çeşitli eleştirilerde bulunulmuştur. Ayrıca duygu şemaları, duygusal farkındalık, duyguların sınıflandırılması, duygu koçluğu, vaka formülasyonu, empatik tepkiler, metafor kullanımı ve bitirilmemiş işler kavramlarının Türk toplumu gibi çok kültürlü bir popülasyonda danışanların kültürel özelliklerine dikkat edilerek kullanımının uygun olabileceği ifade edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çok kültürlülük Duygu Odaklı Terapi Kültür Postmodernizm Psikolojik Danışma

Kaynakça

  • Akalın, M.B., & Türküm, A.S. (2021). Kültüre duyarlı psikolojik danışma. Anadolu Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi (AUJEF), 5(1), 81-107. https://doi.org/10.34056/aujef.850094
  • Akçabozan, N. B., & Sümer, Z. H. (2016). Adler yaklaşımında aile danışmanlığı. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 6(46), 87-101.
  • Akdoğan, R., & Ceyhan, E. (2011). Terapötik ilişkide insan faktörü. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar-Current Approaches in Psychiatry, 3(1), 117-141.
  • Angus, L. E., & Greenberg, L. S. (2011). Working with narrative in emotion-focused therapy: Changing stories, healing lives. American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/12325-000
  • Angus, L., & Mio, J. S. (2011). At the “heart of the matter”: Understanding the importance of emotion-focused metaphors in patient illness narratives. Genre, 44(3), 349–361. https://doi.org/10.1215/00166928-1407540
  • Aras Kemer F. N., & Tuzgöl Dost M. (2020). “Masal terapi” kitabının duygu odaklı terapinin temel kavramları açısından incelenmesi. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 12, 411-425. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.807954
  • Beasley, C. C., & Ager, R. (2019). Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy: A Systematic Review of Its Effectiveness over the past 19 Years. Journal of evidence-based social work (2019), 1–16. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/23761407.2018.1563013
  • Bektaş, Y. (2006). Kültüre duyarlı psikolojik danışma yeterlikleri ve psikolojik danışman eğitimindeki yeri. Ege Eğitim Dergisi, 7(1), 43-59.
  • Burgess M. M., Johnson, S. M., Dalgleish, T. L., Lafontaine, M. F., Wiebe, S. A., & Tasca, G. A. (2016). Changes in relationship‐specific attachment in emotionally focused couple therapy. Journal of marital and family therapy, 42(2), 231-245. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmft.12139
  • Cheung, F. M. (2000). Deconstructing counseling in a cultural context. Journal of Counseling Psychologist, 28, 123-132. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0011000000281008
  • Chung, R. C.-Y., & Bemak, F. (2002). The relationship of culture and empathy in cross-cultural counseling. Journal of Counseling & Development, 80(2), 154–159. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6678.2002.tb00178.x
  • Combs, G., & Freedman, J. (2012). Narrative, poststructuralism, and social justice: Current practices in narrative therapy. The Counseling Psychologist, 40(7), 1033-1060. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0011000012460662
  • Çelik, H., & Aydoğdu, B. N. (2018). Duygu odaklı terapi: Psikoterapide yeni bir yaklaşım. e-Kafkas Journal of Educational Research, 5(2), 50-68. https://doi.org/10.30900/kafkasegt.439247
  • D’Andrea, M., Daniels, J., & Heck, R. (1991). Evaluating the impact of multicultural counseling training. Journal of Counseling and Development, 20, 181-201. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.1991.tb01576.x
  • Doğan, İ. (2009). Dünden bugüne Türk ailesi. Ankara: Atatürk Kültür Merkezi.
  • Doğan, S. (2000). The historical development of counseling in Turkey. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 22(1), 57–67. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005474126819
  • Dolhanty, J., & Greenberg, L. S. (2007). Emotion-focused therapy in the treatment of eating disorders. European Psychotherapy, 7(1), 97-116.
  • Dwairy, M. (2002). Foundations of psychosocial dynamic personality theory of collective people. Clinical Psychology Review, 22, 343-360. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0272-7358(01)00100-3
  • Elliott, R., & Greenberg, L. S. (2007). The essence of process-experiential/emotion-focused therapy. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 61(3), 241–254. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2007.61.3.241
  • Elliott, R., & Greenberg, L. S. (2007). The essence of process-experiential/emotion-focused therapy. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 61(3), 241-254. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2007.61.3.241
  • Elliott, R., Watson, J., Goldman, R., & Greenberg, L. (2004). Learning Emotion-Focused Therapy: The process-experiential approach to change. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/10725-000
  • Erdur-Baker, Ö. (2007). Psikolojik danışma ve kültürel faktörler. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 3(27), 109-122.
  • Foroughe, M., Dolhanty, J., Mithal, P., & Lafrance, A. (2018). Development and core components of EFFT. In Emotion Focused Family Therapy with Children and Caregivers: A Trauma-Informed Approach (pp. 45–62). Taylor and Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315161105
  • Gallup (2019). Gallup global emotions report. Washington, DC: Author. https://www.gallup.com/analytics/248909/gallup-2019-global-emotions-report-pdf.aspx
  • Gençoğlu, C., & Yılmaz, M. (2013). Duygusal farkındalık eğitim programının duygu kontrol düzeyine etkisi. The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies, 6, 5(6), 961–980. https://doi.org/10.9761/jasss1552
  • Goldman, R. N., & Greenberg, L. S. (2015). Case formulation in emotion-focused therapy: Co-creating clinical maps for change. American Psychological Association. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/14523-000
  • Gök, A. (2021). Duygu odaklı terapi yaklaşımı çerçevesinde covid-19 salgını ve depresyon. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar-Current Approaches in Psychiatry, 13(4), 831-839. doi: 10.18863/pgy.892662
  • Gökkaya, V. B. (2011). Türkiye’de kadına yönelik ekonomik şiddet. C.Ü. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 12(2), 101-112.
  • Greenberg, L. (2008). Emotion and cognition in psychotherapy: The transforming power of affect. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne, 49(1), 49-59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0708-5591.49.1.49
  • Greenberg, L. S. & Watson, J. (2006). Emotion-focused therapy for depression. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Greenberg, L. S. (2002). Emotion-focused therapy: Coaching clients to work through their feelings. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.40-0594
  • Greenberg, L. S. (2004). Emotion-focused therapy. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 11, 3–16. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.388
  • Greenberg, L. S. (2007). A guide to conducting a task analysis of psychotherapeutic change. Psychotherapy Research, 17, 15–30 https://doi.org/10.1080/10503300600720390
  • Greenberg, L. S. (2010). Emotion-focused therapy: An overview. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 4(33), 1-12.
  • Greenberg, L. S. (2011). Emotion-focused therapy. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Greenberg, L. S. (2012). Emotions, the great captains of our lives: Their role in the process of change in psychotherapy. American Psychologist, 67, 697-707. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029858
  • Greenberg, L. S. (2015). Emotion-focused therapy: Coaching clients to work through their feelings (2nd ed.). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/14692-000
  • Greenberg, L. S. (2017). Emotion-focused therapy of depression. Person-Centered & Experiential Psychotherapies, 16(2), 106-117. https://doi.org/10.1080/14779757.2017.1330702
  • Greenberg, L. S., & Elliott, R. (1997). Varieties of empathic responding. In A. C. Bohart & L. S. Greenberg (Eds.), Empathy reconsidered: New directions in psychotherapy (pp. 167–186). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10226-007.
  • Greenberg, L. S., & Goldman, R. N. (2008). Emotion-focused couples therapy: The dynamics of emotion, love, and power. American Psychological Association.
  • Greenberg, L. S., & Paivio, S. C. (2003). Working with emotions in psychotherapy. Guilford Press.
  • Greenberg, L. S., Warwar, S., & Malcolm, W. (2008). Differential effects of Emotion-Focused Therapy and psychoeducation in facilitating forgiveness and letting go of emotional injuries. Journal of Counselling Psychology, 55, 185–196. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-0167.55.2.185
  • Greenberg, L., Watson, J., & Goldman, R. (1998). Process Experiential Therapy of Depression. Handbook of Experiential Psychotherapy: Foundations and Differential Treatment. New York: Guilford.
  • Greenman, P. S., & Johnson, S. M. (2012). United we stand: Emotionally focused therapy for couples in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 68(5), 561-569. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.21853
  • Greenman, P. S., & Johnson, S. M. (2022). Emotionally focused therapy: Attachment, connection, and health. Current opinion in psychology, 43, 146–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.06.015
  • Gültekin, F., & Voltan-Acar, N. (2004). Transaksiyonel analizin Türk kültürüne uygulanabilirliği: Kültür açısından eleştirel bakış. Eğitim ve Bilim, 29 (28), 38- 48.
  • Hanin E. (2001). Expressing emotion: Myths, realities, and therapeutic strategies. The Journal of Psychotherapy Practice and Research, 10(4), 283–284.
  • Hattori, K. (2014). Emotionally focused therapy for Japanese couples: Development and empirical ınvestigation of a culturally-sensitive eft model [Doctoral dissertation, Université d'Ottawa/the University of Ottawa]. https://ruor.uottawa.ca/handle/10393/30516
  • Hattori, K. (2014). Emotionally focused therapy for japanese couples: Development and empirical ınvestigation of a culturally-sensitive eft model [Doctoral dissertation, Université d'Ottawa/University of Ottawa]. https://ruor.uottawa.ca/handle/10393/30516
  • Ilgar, M.Z., & Ilgar, S.C. (2014). Empatinin psikolojik danışma sürecinde motivasyonel bir güç olarak kullanılması: kuramsal bir bakış. İZÜ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(4), 51-74. Işık, Ş., & Ergüner-Tekinalp, B. (2013). Psikolojik danışmada güncel kuramlar. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • İkiz, F.E. (2006). Danışma becerileri eğitiminin danışmanların empatik eğilim, empatik beceri ve tükenmişlik düzeyleri üzerindeki etkisi [Doktora Tezi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi]. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
  • Jarry, J., & Paivio, S. (2006). Emotion-focused therapy for anger. In E.L. Feindler (Ed.) Anger-related disorders: A practitioner's guide to comparative treatments (pp. 223-239). New York: Springer Publishing Company.
  • Johnson, S. M. (2004). The practice of emotionally focused couple therapy: Creating connection. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203843871
  • Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (1994). A critical appraisal of individualism and collectivism: Toward a new formulation. In U. Kim, H. C. Triandis, Ç. Kâğitçibaşi, S.-C. Choi, & G. Yoon (Eds.), Cross-cultural research and methodology series, Vol. 18. Individualism and collectivism: Theory, method, and applications (p. 52–65). Inc: Sage Publications.
  • Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (1999). Yeni insan ve insanlar. İstanbul: Evrim.
  • Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (2002). A model of family change in cultural context. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 6(3), 1-8.
  • Kağnıcı, D. (2013). Çok kültürlü psikolojik danışma eğitiminin rehberlik ve psikolojik danışmanlık lisans programlarına yerleştirilmesi. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 4(40).
  • Karaırmak, Ö. (2016). Çok kültürlülük, kültürel duyarlılık ve psikolojik danışma. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 3(29), 115-129.
  • Karaırmak, Ö., & Aydın, G. (2007). Constructivism: A force shaping the contemporary understanding and practices of counseling. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 3(27) , 91-108.
  • Karaırmak, Ö., & Güloğlu, B. (2012). Metafor: Danışan ve danışman arasındaki köprü. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4(37), 122-135.
  • Karakurt, G., & Keiley, M.K. (2009). Integration of a cultural lens with emotionally focused therapy. Journal of Couple & Relationship Therapy, 8, 14- 4.https://doi.org/10.1080/15332690802626684
  • Koç, Z. (2003). Kültüre duyarlı psikolojik danışma yaklaşımı: Kuramsal bir açıklama. Gazi Üniversitesi Endüstriyel Sanatlar Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 11, 1-17.
  • Levitt, H. M., Whelton, W. J., & Iwakabe, S. (2019). Integrating feminist-multicultural perspectives into emotion-focused therapy. In L. S. Greenberg & R. N. Goldman (Eds.), Clinical handbook of emotion-focused therapy (pp. 425–444). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000112-019
  • Malakcıoğlu, C. (2018). Bitirilmemiş işler ile öfke, suçluluk, utanç ve affetme arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi [Doktora Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi]. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
  • Matsumoto, D., Yoo, S.H., & Fontaine, J. (2008). Mapping expressive differences around the world: The relationship between emotional display rules and individualism versus collectivism. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 39. 55-74. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0022022107311854
  • Maynigo, M.P. (2015). Cultural differences in attachment and emotion: Emotionally focused therapy with intercultural couples [Doctoral dissertation, The State University Of New Jersey]. https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/48197/
  • Mesquita, B., & Walker, R. (2002). Cultural differences in emotions: A context for interpreting emotional experiences. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 777-793. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00189-4
  • Misch, D.A. (2000). Basic strategies of dynamic supportive therapy. Journal of Psychotherapy Practice & Research, 9, 173-189.
  • Mocan-Aydın, G. (2000). Western models of counseling and psychotherapy within Turkey: Crossing cultural boundaries. The Counseling Psychologist, 28, 281-298. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0011000000282007
  • Özbek, M. F. (2004). Toplumsal yaşamda empati. Akademik Bakış Uluslararası Hakemli Sosyal Bilimler E-Dergisi, 1, 1-16.
  • Paivio, S. C., Jarry, J. L., Chagigiorgis, H., Hall, I., & Ralston, M. (2010). Efficacy of two versions of emotion-focused therapy for resolving child abuse trauma. Psychotherapy research, 20(3), 353-366. https://doi.org/10.1080/10503300903505274
  • Pascual-Leone, A., & Greenberg, L. S. (2007). Emotional processing in experiential therapy: Why" the only way out is through.". Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 75(6), 875. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-006X.75.6.875
  • Pascual-Leone, A., Gilles, P., Singh, T., & Andreescu, C. (2013). Problem anger in psychotherapy: An emotion-focused perspective on hate, rage, and rejecting anger. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 43, 83-92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10879-012-9214-8.
  • Poyrazlı, S. (2003). Validity of Rogerian Therapy in Turkish culture: A Cross-cultural perspective. Journal of Humanistic Counseling, Education & Development, 42(1), 107–115. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2164-490X.2003.tb00172.x
  • Pulat, F., Gündüz, H., & Kılıç, E. (2020). Güdülenme kuramı ve duygu odaklı terapinin entegrasyonu. Türkiye Bütüncül Psikoterapi Dergisi, 3(5), 17-34.
  • Sarı, T. (2015). Pozitif psikoterapi: Gelişimi, temel ilke ve yöntemleri ve Türk kültürüne uygulanabilirliği. The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being, 3(2), 182-203.
  • Schlegelmich, A., & Fresco, D. (2005). Review of Emotion-focused therapy: Coaching clients to work through their feelings [Review of the book Emotion-Focused therapy: Coaching clients to work through their feelings, by L. S. Greenberg]. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 18(3), 225–226. https://doi.org/10.1080/09515070500322443
  • Shahar, B. (2014). Emotion‐focused therapy for the treatment of social anxiety: An overview of the model and a case description. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 21(6), 536-547. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.1853
  • Shear, M. K., Houck, P., Greeno, C., & Masters, S. (2001). Emotion-focused psychotherapy for patients with panic disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158(12), 1993-1998. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.158.12.1993
  • Siviş, R. (2002). Yapılandırmacı yaklaşım ve Türkiye’de psikolojik danışma alanında uygulanabilirliği. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 2(17), 43-48.
  • Smith, K. W., & Greenberg, L. S. (2007). Internal multiplicity in emotion‐focused psychotherapy. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 63(2), 175-186. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20340
  • Stockton, R., & Güneri, O. Y. (2011). Counseling in Turkey: An evolving field. Journal of Counseling & Development, 89(1), 98-104. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6678.2011.tb00065.x
  • Sue, D. W., Arredondo, P., & McDavis, R. J. (1992). Multicultrual counseling competencies and standards: A call to the profession. Journal of Counseling and Development, 70, 477-486. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1002/j.1556-6676.1992.tb01642.x
  • Şahan, B., & Akbaş, T. (2018). Kültürel Olarak Farklı Ailelerle Psikolojik Danışma ve Türk Aile Yapısında Kültürün Rolü. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Buca Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, (46), 217-239.
  • Tagay, Ö., Voltan-Acar, N., & Nalbant, A. (2016). Logoterapide kullanılan kavramların ve tekniklerin Türk Kültürü’nde uygulanabilirliği. Ege Eğitim Dergisi, 17(1), 105-126. https://doi.org/10.12984/eed.53493
  • Timulak, L., & Pascual‐Leone, A. (2015). New developments for case conceptualization in emotion‐focused therapy. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 22(6), 619-636. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.1922
  • Vatan, S. (2017). Duygular ve psikolojik belirtiler arasındaki ilişkiler. Psikiyatride Güncel yaklaşımlar- Current Approaches in Psychiatry, 9(1), 45–45. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.281117
  • Voltan-Acar, N. (2004). Ne kadar farkındayım? Gestalt Terapi. Ankara: Babil.
  • Vrana, G., & Greenberg, L. (2018). Overview of emotion-focused therapy. In G. Vrana, L. Greenberg, & F. Mirisse (Eds.), Emotion focused family therapy with children and caregivers a traumainformed approach (pp. 1-22). Routledge
  • Watson, J., Goldman, R., & Greenberg, L. (2007). Case studies in emotion-focused treatment of depression: A comparison of good and poor outcome. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/11586-000
  • Wiebe, S. A., & Johnson, S. M. (2016). A review of the research in emotionally focused therapy for couples. Family Process, 55(3), 390–407. https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12229
  • Yam, F. C. (2021). İlişkisel Kültürel Kuram ve kavramlarının Türk kültürü açısından değerlendirilmesi. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 41 (1), 477-495.
  • Yeşilyaprak, B. (2000). Eğitimde rehberlik hizmetleri. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Yorgun, A., & Voltan-Acar, N. (2014). Gerçeklik terapisinin Türk kültürüne uygulanabilirliği: Kültür açısından eleştirel bakış. Eğitim ve Bilim, 39 (175), 216-226.
  • Zümbül, S. (2021). Transaksiyonel Analiz Terapisine kapsamlı bakış: Bir derleme çalışması. Anadolu University Journal of Education Faculty, 5(1), 51-80. https://doi.org/10.34056/aujef.769576

Evaluation of Applicability of Emotion-Focused Therapy in Turkish Culture

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 1367 - 1392, 23.03.2023

Mehmet Rüştü Kalafatoğlu Seher Balcı Çelik

https://doi.org/10.48146/odusobiad.1104550

Öz

Emotion-focused Therapy is a post-modern approach that emphasizes the importance of emotions in the counseling process. There is a perspective that centers emotions on change and transformation, rather than the perspective that aims to control emotions by regulating the thoughts and behaviors of classical psychological counseling approaches. Emotion-focused Therapy, which was developed by Leslie Greenberg and Susan Johnson, who continued their work in the United States in the 1980s, was used in a couple of therapies at first, but later it started to be used in family therapies and individual therapies. However, today, discussions have accelerated that Western counseling approaches have traces of the culture in which they were developed and that this situation provides privileges to people belonging to that culture. As a result of these discussions, studies have started to be conducted on how effective psychological counseling approaches will be in different cultures. In this direction, it is aimed to evaluate the applicability of Emotion-focused Therapy from the perspective of Turkish culture. In this context, the basic philosophy of Emotion-focused Therapy, its perspective on human nature, and the basic concepts used are discussed. As a result of the evaluations, various criticisms were made about the compatibility of the basic philosophy of Emotion-focused Therapy and its perspective on human nature with the Turkish culture. In addition, it has been stated that the concepts of emotion schemes, emotional awareness, emotions assessment, emotion coaching, case formulation, empathetic responses, metaphors, and unfinished business may be appropriate in a multicultural population such as Turkish society, by paying attention to the cultural characteristics of the clients.

Anahtar Kelimeler

: Multiculturalism Emotion-focused Therapy Culture Postmodernism Psychological Counseling

Kaynakça

  • Akalın, M.B., & Türküm, A.S. (2021). Kültüre duyarlı psikolojik danışma. Anadolu Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi (AUJEF), 5(1), 81-107. https://doi.org/10.34056/aujef.850094
  • Akçabozan, N. B., & Sümer, Z. H. (2016). Adler yaklaşımında aile danışmanlığı. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 6(46), 87-101.
  • Akdoğan, R., & Ceyhan, E. (2011). Terapötik ilişkide insan faktörü. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar-Current Approaches in Psychiatry, 3(1), 117-141.
  • Angus, L. E., & Greenberg, L. S. (2011). Working with narrative in emotion-focused therapy: Changing stories, healing lives. American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/12325-000
  • Angus, L., & Mio, J. S. (2011). At the “heart of the matter”: Understanding the importance of emotion-focused metaphors in patient illness narratives. Genre, 44(3), 349–361. https://doi.org/10.1215/00166928-1407540
  • Aras Kemer F. N., & Tuzgöl Dost M. (2020). “Masal terapi” kitabının duygu odaklı terapinin temel kavramları açısından incelenmesi. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 12, 411-425. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.807954
  • Beasley, C. C., & Ager, R. (2019). Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy: A Systematic Review of Its Effectiveness over the past 19 Years. Journal of evidence-based social work (2019), 1–16. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/23761407.2018.1563013
  • Bektaş, Y. (2006). Kültüre duyarlı psikolojik danışma yeterlikleri ve psikolojik danışman eğitimindeki yeri. Ege Eğitim Dergisi, 7(1), 43-59.
  • Burgess M. M., Johnson, S. M., Dalgleish, T. L., Lafontaine, M. F., Wiebe, S. A., & Tasca, G. A. (2016). Changes in relationship‐specific attachment in emotionally focused couple therapy. Journal of marital and family therapy, 42(2), 231-245. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmft.12139
  • Cheung, F. M. (2000). Deconstructing counseling in a cultural context. Journal of Counseling Psychologist, 28, 123-132. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0011000000281008
  • Chung, R. C.-Y., & Bemak, F. (2002). The relationship of culture and empathy in cross-cultural counseling. Journal of Counseling & Development, 80(2), 154–159. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6678.2002.tb00178.x
  • Combs, G., & Freedman, J. (2012). Narrative, poststructuralism, and social justice: Current practices in narrative therapy. The Counseling Psychologist, 40(7), 1033-1060. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0011000012460662
  • Çelik, H., & Aydoğdu, B. N. (2018). Duygu odaklı terapi: Psikoterapide yeni bir yaklaşım. e-Kafkas Journal of Educational Research, 5(2), 50-68. https://doi.org/10.30900/kafkasegt.439247
  • D’Andrea, M., Daniels, J., & Heck, R. (1991). Evaluating the impact of multicultural counseling training. Journal of Counseling and Development, 20, 181-201. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.1991.tb01576.x
  • Doğan, İ. (2009). Dünden bugüne Türk ailesi. Ankara: Atatürk Kültür Merkezi.
  • Doğan, S. (2000). The historical development of counseling in Turkey. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 22(1), 57–67. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005474126819
  • Dolhanty, J., & Greenberg, L. S. (2007). Emotion-focused therapy in the treatment of eating disorders. European Psychotherapy, 7(1), 97-116.
  • Dwairy, M. (2002). Foundations of psychosocial dynamic personality theory of collective people. Clinical Psychology Review, 22, 343-360. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0272-7358(01)00100-3
  • Elliott, R., & Greenberg, L. S. (2007). The essence of process-experiential/emotion-focused therapy. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 61(3), 241–254. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2007.61.3.241
  • Elliott, R., & Greenberg, L. S. (2007). The essence of process-experiential/emotion-focused therapy. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 61(3), 241-254. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2007.61.3.241
  • Elliott, R., Watson, J., Goldman, R., & Greenberg, L. (2004). Learning Emotion-Focused Therapy: The process-experiential approach to change. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/10725-000
  • Erdur-Baker, Ö. (2007). Psikolojik danışma ve kültürel faktörler. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 3(27), 109-122.
  • Foroughe, M., Dolhanty, J., Mithal, P., & Lafrance, A. (2018). Development and core components of EFFT. In Emotion Focused Family Therapy with Children and Caregivers: A Trauma-Informed Approach (pp. 45–62). Taylor and Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315161105
  • Gallup (2019). Gallup global emotions report. Washington, DC: Author. https://www.gallup.com/analytics/248909/gallup-2019-global-emotions-report-pdf.aspx
  • Gençoğlu, C., & Yılmaz, M. (2013). Duygusal farkındalık eğitim programının duygu kontrol düzeyine etkisi. The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies, 6, 5(6), 961–980. https://doi.org/10.9761/jasss1552
  • Goldman, R. N., & Greenberg, L. S. (2015). Case formulation in emotion-focused therapy: Co-creating clinical maps for change. American Psychological Association. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/14523-000
  • Gök, A. (2021). Duygu odaklı terapi yaklaşımı çerçevesinde covid-19 salgını ve depresyon. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar-Current Approaches in Psychiatry, 13(4), 831-839. doi: 10.18863/pgy.892662
  • Gökkaya, V. B. (2011). Türkiye’de kadına yönelik ekonomik şiddet. C.Ü. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 12(2), 101-112.
  • Greenberg, L. (2008). Emotion and cognition in psychotherapy: The transforming power of affect. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne, 49(1), 49-59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0708-5591.49.1.49
  • Greenberg, L. S. & Watson, J. (2006). Emotion-focused therapy for depression. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Greenberg, L. S. (2002). Emotion-focused therapy: Coaching clients to work through their feelings. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.40-0594
  • Greenberg, L. S. (2004). Emotion-focused therapy. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 11, 3–16. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.388
  • Greenberg, L. S. (2007). A guide to conducting a task analysis of psychotherapeutic change. Psychotherapy Research, 17, 15–30 https://doi.org/10.1080/10503300600720390
  • Greenberg, L. S. (2010). Emotion-focused therapy: An overview. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 4(33), 1-12.
  • Greenberg, L. S. (2011). Emotion-focused therapy. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Greenberg, L. S. (2012). Emotions, the great captains of our lives: Their role in the process of change in psychotherapy. American Psychologist, 67, 697-707. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029858
  • Greenberg, L. S. (2015). Emotion-focused therapy: Coaching clients to work through their feelings (2nd ed.). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/14692-000
  • Greenberg, L. S. (2017). Emotion-focused therapy of depression. Person-Centered & Experiential Psychotherapies, 16(2), 106-117. https://doi.org/10.1080/14779757.2017.1330702
  • Greenberg, L. S., & Elliott, R. (1997). Varieties of empathic responding. In A. C. Bohart & L. S. Greenberg (Eds.), Empathy reconsidered: New directions in psychotherapy (pp. 167–186). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10226-007.
  • Greenberg, L. S., & Goldman, R. N. (2008). Emotion-focused couples therapy: The dynamics of emotion, love, and power. American Psychological Association.
  • Greenberg, L. S., & Paivio, S. C. (2003). Working with emotions in psychotherapy. Guilford Press.
  • Greenberg, L. S., Warwar, S., & Malcolm, W. (2008). Differential effects of Emotion-Focused Therapy and psychoeducation in facilitating forgiveness and letting go of emotional injuries. Journal of Counselling Psychology, 55, 185–196. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-0167.55.2.185
  • Greenberg, L., Watson, J., & Goldman, R. (1998). Process Experiential Therapy of Depression. Handbook of Experiential Psychotherapy: Foundations and Differential Treatment. New York: Guilford.
  • Greenman, P. S., & Johnson, S. M. (2012). United we stand: Emotionally focused therapy for couples in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 68(5), 561-569. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.21853
  • Greenman, P. S., & Johnson, S. M. (2022). Emotionally focused therapy: Attachment, connection, and health. Current opinion in psychology, 43, 146–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.06.015
  • Gültekin, F., & Voltan-Acar, N. (2004). Transaksiyonel analizin Türk kültürüne uygulanabilirliği: Kültür açısından eleştirel bakış. Eğitim ve Bilim, 29 (28), 38- 48.
  • Hanin E. (2001). Expressing emotion: Myths, realities, and therapeutic strategies. The Journal of Psychotherapy Practice and Research, 10(4), 283–284.
  • Hattori, K. (2014). Emotionally focused therapy for Japanese couples: Development and empirical ınvestigation of a culturally-sensitive eft model [Doctoral dissertation, Université d'Ottawa/the University of Ottawa]. https://ruor.uottawa.ca/handle/10393/30516
  • Hattori, K. (2014). Emotionally focused therapy for japanese couples: Development and empirical ınvestigation of a culturally-sensitive eft model [Doctoral dissertation, Université d'Ottawa/University of Ottawa]. https://ruor.uottawa.ca/handle/10393/30516
  • Ilgar, M.Z., & Ilgar, S.C. (2014). Empatinin psikolojik danışma sürecinde motivasyonel bir güç olarak kullanılması: kuramsal bir bakış. İZÜ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(4), 51-74. Işık, Ş., & Ergüner-Tekinalp, B. (2013). Psikolojik danışmada güncel kuramlar. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • İkiz, F.E. (2006). Danışma becerileri eğitiminin danışmanların empatik eğilim, empatik beceri ve tükenmişlik düzeyleri üzerindeki etkisi [Doktora Tezi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi]. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
  • Jarry, J., & Paivio, S. (2006). Emotion-focused therapy for anger. In E.L. Feindler (Ed.) Anger-related disorders: A practitioner's guide to comparative treatments (pp. 223-239). New York: Springer Publishing Company.
  • Johnson, S. M. (2004). The practice of emotionally focused couple therapy: Creating connection. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203843871
  • Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (1994). A critical appraisal of individualism and collectivism: Toward a new formulation. In U. Kim, H. C. Triandis, Ç. Kâğitçibaşi, S.-C. Choi, & G. Yoon (Eds.), Cross-cultural research and methodology series, Vol. 18. Individualism and collectivism: Theory, method, and applications (p. 52–65). Inc: Sage Publications.
  • Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (1999). Yeni insan ve insanlar. İstanbul: Evrim.
  • Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (2002). A model of family change in cultural context. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 6(3), 1-8.
  • Kağnıcı, D. (2013). Çok kültürlü psikolojik danışma eğitiminin rehberlik ve psikolojik danışmanlık lisans programlarına yerleştirilmesi. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 4(40).
  • Karaırmak, Ö. (2016). Çok kültürlülük, kültürel duyarlılık ve psikolojik danışma. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 3(29), 115-129.
  • Karaırmak, Ö., & Aydın, G. (2007). Constructivism: A force shaping the contemporary understanding and practices of counseling. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 3(27) , 91-108.
  • Karaırmak, Ö., & Güloğlu, B. (2012). Metafor: Danışan ve danışman arasındaki köprü. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4(37), 122-135.
  • Karakurt, G., & Keiley, M.K. (2009). Integration of a cultural lens with emotionally focused therapy. Journal of Couple & Relationship Therapy, 8, 14- 4.https://doi.org/10.1080/15332690802626684
  • Koç, Z. (2003). Kültüre duyarlı psikolojik danışma yaklaşımı: Kuramsal bir açıklama. Gazi Üniversitesi Endüstriyel Sanatlar Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 11, 1-17.
  • Levitt, H. M., Whelton, W. J., & Iwakabe, S. (2019). Integrating feminist-multicultural perspectives into emotion-focused therapy. In L. S. Greenberg & R. N. Goldman (Eds.), Clinical handbook of emotion-focused therapy (pp. 425–444). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000112-019
  • Malakcıoğlu, C. (2018). Bitirilmemiş işler ile öfke, suçluluk, utanç ve affetme arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi [Doktora Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi]. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
  • Matsumoto, D., Yoo, S.H., & Fontaine, J. (2008). Mapping expressive differences around the world: The relationship between emotional display rules and individualism versus collectivism. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 39. 55-74. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0022022107311854
  • Maynigo, M.P. (2015). Cultural differences in attachment and emotion: Emotionally focused therapy with intercultural couples [Doctoral dissertation, The State University Of New Jersey]. https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/48197/
  • Mesquita, B., & Walker, R. (2002). Cultural differences in emotions: A context for interpreting emotional experiences. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 777-793. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00189-4
  • Misch, D.A. (2000). Basic strategies of dynamic supportive therapy. Journal of Psychotherapy Practice & Research, 9, 173-189.
  • Mocan-Aydın, G. (2000). Western models of counseling and psychotherapy within Turkey: Crossing cultural boundaries. The Counseling Psychologist, 28, 281-298. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0011000000282007
  • Özbek, M. F. (2004). Toplumsal yaşamda empati. Akademik Bakış Uluslararası Hakemli Sosyal Bilimler E-Dergisi, 1, 1-16.
  • Paivio, S. C., Jarry, J. L., Chagigiorgis, H., Hall, I., & Ralston, M. (2010). Efficacy of two versions of emotion-focused therapy for resolving child abuse trauma. Psychotherapy research, 20(3), 353-366. https://doi.org/10.1080/10503300903505274
  • Pascual-Leone, A., & Greenberg, L. S. (2007). Emotional processing in experiential therapy: Why" the only way out is through.". Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 75(6), 875. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-006X.75.6.875
  • Pascual-Leone, A., Gilles, P., Singh, T., & Andreescu, C. (2013). Problem anger in psychotherapy: An emotion-focused perspective on hate, rage, and rejecting anger. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 43, 83-92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10879-012-9214-8.
  • Poyrazlı, S. (2003). Validity of Rogerian Therapy in Turkish culture: A Cross-cultural perspective. Journal of Humanistic Counseling, Education & Development, 42(1), 107–115. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2164-490X.2003.tb00172.x
  • Pulat, F., Gündüz, H., & Kılıç, E. (2020). Güdülenme kuramı ve duygu odaklı terapinin entegrasyonu. Türkiye Bütüncül Psikoterapi Dergisi, 3(5), 17-34.
  • Sarı, T. (2015). Pozitif psikoterapi: Gelişimi, temel ilke ve yöntemleri ve Türk kültürüne uygulanabilirliği. The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being, 3(2), 182-203.
  • Schlegelmich, A., & Fresco, D. (2005). Review of Emotion-focused therapy: Coaching clients to work through their feelings [Review of the book Emotion-Focused therapy: Coaching clients to work through their feelings, by L. S. Greenberg]. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 18(3), 225–226. https://doi.org/10.1080/09515070500322443
  • Shahar, B. (2014). Emotion‐focused therapy for the treatment of social anxiety: An overview of the model and a case description. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 21(6), 536-547. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.1853
  • Shear, M. K., Houck, P., Greeno, C., & Masters, S. (2001). Emotion-focused psychotherapy for patients with panic disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158(12), 1993-1998. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.158.12.1993
  • Siviş, R. (2002). Yapılandırmacı yaklaşım ve Türkiye’de psikolojik danışma alanında uygulanabilirliği. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 2(17), 43-48.
  • Smith, K. W., & Greenberg, L. S. (2007). Internal multiplicity in emotion‐focused psychotherapy. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 63(2), 175-186. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20340
  • Stockton, R., & Güneri, O. Y. (2011). Counseling in Turkey: An evolving field. Journal of Counseling & Development, 89(1), 98-104. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6678.2011.tb00065.x
  • Sue, D. W., Arredondo, P., & McDavis, R. J. (1992). Multicultrual counseling competencies and standards: A call to the profession. Journal of Counseling and Development, 70, 477-486. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1002/j.1556-6676.1992.tb01642.x
  • Şahan, B., & Akbaş, T. (2018). Kültürel Olarak Farklı Ailelerle Psikolojik Danışma ve Türk Aile Yapısında Kültürün Rolü. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Buca Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, (46), 217-239.
  • Tagay, Ö., Voltan-Acar, N., & Nalbant, A. (2016). Logoterapide kullanılan kavramların ve tekniklerin Türk Kültürü’nde uygulanabilirliği. Ege Eğitim Dergisi, 17(1), 105-126. https://doi.org/10.12984/eed.53493
  • Timulak, L., & Pascual‐Leone, A. (2015). New developments for case conceptualization in emotion‐focused therapy. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 22(6), 619-636. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.1922
  • Vatan, S. (2017). Duygular ve psikolojik belirtiler arasındaki ilişkiler. Psikiyatride Güncel yaklaşımlar- Current Approaches in Psychiatry, 9(1), 45–45. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.281117
  • Voltan-Acar, N. (2004). Ne kadar farkındayım? Gestalt Terapi. Ankara: Babil.
  • Vrana, G., & Greenberg, L. (2018). Overview of emotion-focused therapy. In G. Vrana, L. Greenberg, & F. Mirisse (Eds.), Emotion focused family therapy with children and caregivers a traumainformed approach (pp. 1-22). Routledge
  • Watson, J., Goldman, R., & Greenberg, L. (2007). Case studies in emotion-focused treatment of depression: A comparison of good and poor outcome. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/11586-000
  • Wiebe, S. A., & Johnson, S. M. (2016). A review of the research in emotionally focused therapy for couples. Family Process, 55(3), 390–407. https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12229
  • Yam, F. C. (2021). İlişkisel Kültürel Kuram ve kavramlarının Türk kültürü açısından değerlendirilmesi. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 41 (1), 477-495.
  • Yeşilyaprak, B. (2000). Eğitimde rehberlik hizmetleri. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Yorgun, A., & Voltan-Acar, N. (2014). Gerçeklik terapisinin Türk kültürüne uygulanabilirliği: Kültür açısından eleştirel bakış. Eğitim ve Bilim, 39 (175), 216-226.
  • Zümbül, S. (2021). Transaksiyonel Analiz Terapisine kapsamlı bakış: Bir derleme çalışması. Anadolu University Journal of Education Faculty, 5(1), 51-80. https://doi.org/10.34056/aujef.769576
Toplam 95 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Eğitim Üzerine Çalışmalar, Psikoloji
Bölüm İNCELEME MAKALESİ
Yazarlar

Mehmet Rüştü Kalafatoğlu 0000-0002-1664-9694

Seher Balcı Çelik 0000-0001-9506-6528

Yayımlanma Tarihi 23 Mart 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 16 Nisan 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Kalafatoğlu, M. R., & Balcı Çelik, S. (2023). Duygu Odaklı Terapinin Türk Kültüründe Uygulanabilirliğinin Değerlendirilmesi. Ordu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 13(1), 1367-1392. https://doi.org/10.48146/odusobiad.1104550
 Kapak Resmi İndir

  Bilginin ışığında aydınlanmak dileğiyle....

 ODÜSOBİAD