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Pandemics and Ecological Animal Husbandry

Year 2023, Volume: 63 Issue: 1, 1 - 10, 30.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.46897/livestockstudies.1173698

Abstract

The pandemics to which humanity has been subjected throughout history will also continue to exist in the future. There may be many reasons for the development of pandemics and threats to human and animal health. Whatever the reason, previous pandemics and also this current Covid-19 period revealed the importance of ecological agricultural production. The destruction of natural habitats, industrial agriculture, industrialization, and the decrease in biodiversity disrupt the ecological balance and create an environment for pandemic formation, endangering both human and animal health. This review is focusing on the importance of ecological animal husbandry in terms of both human and animal health and welfare, and especially understanding after the pandemics are part of our life.

References

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  • Altieri, M.A., & Nicholls, C.I. (2020). Agroecology and the emergence of a post Covid-19 agriculture. Agriculture and Human Values, 37, 525-526. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-020-10043-7
  • Aslan, R. (2020). Tarihten Günümüze Epidemiler, Pandemiler ve Covid-19 (Endemic Deseases in History and Today and Covid-19). Ayrıntı Dergisi, 8 (85), 35-41. Turkish.
  • Budak, F., & Korkmaz, Ş. (2020). Covid-19 Pandemi Sürecine Yönelik Genel Bir Değerlendirme: Türkiye Örneği, Sosyal Araştırmalar ve Yönetim Dergisi, 1: 62-79. https://doi.org/10.35375/sayod.738657. Turkish
  • Baudron, F., & Liégeois, F. (2020). Fixing our global agricultural system to prevent the next Covid-19. Outlook on Agriculture, 49 (2), 111-118. https://doi.org/10.1177/0030727020931122
  • Bickley, S. J., Chan, H. F., Skali, A., Stadelmann, D., & Torgler, B. (2021). How does globalization affect COVID-19 responses?.Globalization and health, 17(1), 57. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-021-00677-5
  • Bloksma, J., Adriaansen-Tennekes, R., Huber, M., van de Vijver, L.P.L., Baars, T., & de Wit, J. (2008). Comparison of organic and conventional raw milk quality in the Netherlands. Biological Agriculture & Horticulture, 26 (1), 69-83. https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2008.9755070
  • Butler, G., Nielsen, J.H., Slots, T., Seal, C., Eyre, M.D., & Sanderson, R. (2008). Fatty acid and fat-soluble antioxidant concentrations in milk from high and low input conventional and organic systems: Seasonal variation. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 88 (8), 1431-1441. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.3235
  • CDC. (2017). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Zoonotic Diseases. Available in: https://www.cdc.gov/onehealth/basics/zoonotic-diseases.html, Accessed on: 21 Jul, 2020
  • Chander, M., Subrahmanyeswari, B., Mukherjee, R., & Kumar, S. (2011). Organic livestock production: an emerging opportunity with new challenges for producers in tropical countries. Revue Scientifique et Technique, 30 (3), 969-983. https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.30.3.2092
  • Curseu, D., Popa, M., & Sirbu, D. (2009). Potential Impact of Climate Change on Pandemic Influenza Risk. Global Warming. Green Energy and Technology, 643-657. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1017-2_45
  • Duman, İ., Altındişli, A., & Aksoy, U. (2009). Organik çiftlik yönetim modeli. I. GAP Organik Tarım Kongresi, Şanlıurfa, Türkiye
  • Durak Kılıçaslan, N.S. (2015). Türkiye ve AB’de organik tarım mevzuatı, uygulamaları ve değerlendirilmesi. AB Uzmanlık Tezi, Gıda Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı Avrupa Birliği ve Dış İlişkiler Müdürlüğü Ankara, Türkiye
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  • Escribano, A.J. (2018). Organic Feed, A Bottleneck for the Development of the Livestock Sector and Its Transition to Sustainability? Sustainability, 10, 2393. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10072393.
  • FAO. (2009). Food and Agriculture Organization. Reform of the committee on world food security final version. CFS:2009/2 Rev.2. Available in: https://www.fao.org/3/k7197e/k7197e.pdf, Accessed on: 22 Jun, 2020
  • FAO. (2018). Food and Agriculture Organization. Guiding the transition to sustainable food and agrıcultural systems. Available in: http://www.fao.org/documents/ card/en/c/I9037EN/, Accessed on: 13 Mar, 2020
  • FAO. (2019a). Food and Agriculture Organization. FAO’s work on the right to food. CA6142EN/1/10.19. Available in: https://www.fao.org/3/ca6142en/CA6142EN.pdf, Accessed on: 13 Mar, 2020
  • FAO. (2019b). Food and Agriculture Organization. FAO sağlıklı beslenme ile açlığa son verilmiş bir 511 dünya. CA5268TR/1/09.19. Available in: https://www.fao.org/3/ ca5268tr/CA5268TR.pdf, 512 Accessed on: 13 Mar, 2020
  • FAO. (2020a). Food and Agriculture Organization. Covid-19 response and recovery programme, food systems transformation, building to transform during response and recovery. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb0281en FAO. (2020b). Food and Agriculture Organization. Mitigating the impacts of Covid-19 on the livestock sector. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/ca8799en
  • FAO. (2020c). Food and Agriculture Organization. Addressing the impacts of Covid-19 in food crises April–December 2020, FAO's component of the global Covid-19 humanitarian response plan. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/ca8497en
  • FAO. (2015). Food and Agriculture Organization. NRC ( Climate, Energy and Tenure Division), TECA (Technologies and practices for smallholder farmers), DDNR (Team from the research and extension division). Training Manual For Organic Agriculture. Available in: http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/nr/sustainability_pathways/docs/Compilation_techniques_organic_agriculture_rev.pdf, Accessed on: 01 Sep, 2020
  • FAO. (2021). Food and Agriculture Organization. Animal husbandry in organic agriculture. Available in: http://www.fao.org/3/CA2560EN/ca2560en.pdf, Accessed on: 01 Sept, 2021
  • FIBL.(2020). Research Institute of Organic Agriculture. IFOAM ( International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements).The world of organic agriculture-statistics & emerging trends 2020. Available in: https://www.organic-world.net/yearbook/yearbook-2020.html, Accessed on: 05 Mar, 2020
  • Fuller, T., Bensch, S., Müller, I., Novembre, J., Perez-Tris, J., Ricklefs, R.E., Smith, T.B., & Waldenström, J. (2012). The ecology of emerging infectious diseases in migratory birds: an assessment of the role of climate change and priorities for future research. Ecohealth, 9 (1), 80-88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-012-0750-1
  • GRAIN. (2006). Avian influenza crisis: small poultry farms are the solution not the problem. International Network For Family Poultry Development, Newsletter 16 (1), Report No: 6, 31-38. http://www.fao.org/3/a-aq609e.pdf.
  • Gülçubuk, B. (2020). Covid-19 Sonrasında Tarım Politikalarının Geleceği. İstanbul Politik Araştırmalar Enstitüsü, Temmuz 2020-012. Türkiye. https://d4b693e1-c592-4336-bc6a-36c134d6fb5e.filesusr.com/ugd/c80586_ 5e5220560e5a4b5cab8c0c3e0272ddd9.pdf
  • Huber, M., Coulie, L., Wopereis, S., Savelkoul, H.F.J., Nierop, D., & Hoogenboom, L.A.P. (2012). Enhanced catch-up growth after a challenge in animals on organic feed. International Conference on Nutrition & Growth. Available in: https://edepot.wur.nl/200518, Accessed on: 05 Mar, 2020
  • IPCC (2020). Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Global warming of 1.5°C. Available in: https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/06/SR15_Full_Report_High_Res.pdf, Accessed on: 09 Jun, 2020
  • Janssen, M., Chang, B., Hristov, H., Pravst, I., Profeta, A., & Millard, J. (2021). Changes in Food Consumption During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Analysis of Consumer Survey Data From the First Lockdown Period in Denmark, Germany, and Slovenia. Frontiers in nutrition, 8, 635859. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.635859
  • Jespersen, L.M., Baggesen, D.L., Fog, E., Halsnaes, K., Hermansen, J.E., Andreasen, L., Strandberg, B., Sorensen, J.T.I., & Halberg, N. (2017). Contribution of organic farming to public goods in Denmark. Organic Agriculture, 7, 243-266. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13165-017-0193-7
  • Jones, B., Grace ,D., Kock, R., Alonso, S., Rushton, J., Said, M.Y., Mckeever, D., Mutua, F., Young, J., Mcdermott, J., & Pfeiffer, D. (2013). Zoonosis emergence linked to agricultural intensification and environmental change. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110, 8399-8404. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1208059110
  • Tapan, T. K. (2021). Covid-19 ve Beslenme. Başkent Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi-BÜSBİD, 6.
  • LePan, N. (2020). Visualizing the history of pandemics. Available in: https://www.visualcapitalist.com, Accessed on: 27 Aug, 2020
  • Lund, V., & Algers, B. (2003). Research on Animal Health and Welfare in Organic Farming-A Literature Review. Livestock Production Science, 80 (1-2), 55-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-6226(02)00321-4.
  • Lutz, S., & Long, M. (2020). 2020 Q1 Organic Produce Performance With March update. Organic Produce Network Connect Newsletter 166.
  • MERCARIS. (2020). Special Report, 2020 Covid-19, U.S. Organic Commodity Market & Risk Outlook.
  • Morens, D.M., Folkers, G.K., & Fauci, A.S. (2009). What Is a Pandemic? The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 200 (7), 1018-1021. https://doi.org/10.1086/644537
  • Nauta, W.J., Baars, T., Groen, A.F., Veerkamp, R.F., & Roep, D. (2001). Animal breeding in organic farming, Discussion paper, Louis Bolk Institute, Driebergen.
  • Roos, D. (2020). How 5 of History's Worst Pandemics Finally Ended. Available in: https://www.history.com/news/pandemics-end-plague-cholera-black-death-smallpox, Accessed on: 27 Aug, 2020
  • Sachan, N., & Singh, V.P. (2010). Effect of climatic changes on the prevalence of zoonotic diseases. Veterinary World, 3 (11), 519-522.
  • Schutter, De O. (2014). Agroecology and the right to food. Leisa India. 16 (2), 18-19.
  • Seleiman, M.F., Selim, S., Alhammad, B.A., Alharbi, B.M., & Cezar Juliatti, F. (2020). Will novel coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic impact agriculture, food security and animal sectors? Bioscience Journal. 36 (4). https://doi.org/10.14393/BJ-v36n4a2020-54560.
  • UNCTAD. (2020). United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. Covid-19 and tourism, Assessing the Economic Consequences. Available in: https://unctad.org/webflyer/covid-19-and-tourism-assessing-economic-consequences, Accessed on: 27 Aug, 2020
  • Vaarst, M., & Alrøe, H.F. (2012). Concepts of animal health and welfare in organic livestock systems. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 25, 333-347. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10806-011-9314-6.
  • Wang, L.F., & Crameri, G. (2014). Emerging zoonotic viral diseases. Revue Scientifique et Technique, 33 (2), 569-581. https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.33.2.2311
  • WHO. (2004). World Health Organization. Summary of probable SARS cases with onset of illness from 1 November 2002 to 31 July 2003. Available in: https://www.who.int/csr/sars/country/table2004_04_21/en/, Accessed on: 06 Jun, 2020
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Year 2023, Volume: 63 Issue: 1, 1 - 10, 30.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.46897/livestockstudies.1173698

Abstract

References

  • Aguirre, A.A. (2017). Changing patterns of emerging zoonotic diseases in wildlife, domestic animals, and humans linked to biodiversity loss and globalization. Institute for Laboratory Animal Research Journal, 58(3), 315-318. https://doi.org/10.1093/ilar/ilx035
  • Altieri, M.A., & Nicholls, C.I. (2020). Agroecology and the emergence of a post Covid-19 agriculture. Agriculture and Human Values, 37, 525-526. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-020-10043-7
  • Aslan, R. (2020). Tarihten Günümüze Epidemiler, Pandemiler ve Covid-19 (Endemic Deseases in History and Today and Covid-19). Ayrıntı Dergisi, 8 (85), 35-41. Turkish.
  • Budak, F., & Korkmaz, Ş. (2020). Covid-19 Pandemi Sürecine Yönelik Genel Bir Değerlendirme: Türkiye Örneği, Sosyal Araştırmalar ve Yönetim Dergisi, 1: 62-79. https://doi.org/10.35375/sayod.738657. Turkish
  • Baudron, F., & Liégeois, F. (2020). Fixing our global agricultural system to prevent the next Covid-19. Outlook on Agriculture, 49 (2), 111-118. https://doi.org/10.1177/0030727020931122
  • Bickley, S. J., Chan, H. F., Skali, A., Stadelmann, D., & Torgler, B. (2021). How does globalization affect COVID-19 responses?.Globalization and health, 17(1), 57. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-021-00677-5
  • Bloksma, J., Adriaansen-Tennekes, R., Huber, M., van de Vijver, L.P.L., Baars, T., & de Wit, J. (2008). Comparison of organic and conventional raw milk quality in the Netherlands. Biological Agriculture & Horticulture, 26 (1), 69-83. https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2008.9755070
  • Butler, G., Nielsen, J.H., Slots, T., Seal, C., Eyre, M.D., & Sanderson, R. (2008). Fatty acid and fat-soluble antioxidant concentrations in milk from high and low input conventional and organic systems: Seasonal variation. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 88 (8), 1431-1441. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.3235
  • CDC. (2017). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Zoonotic Diseases. Available in: https://www.cdc.gov/onehealth/basics/zoonotic-diseases.html, Accessed on: 21 Jul, 2020
  • Chander, M., Subrahmanyeswari, B., Mukherjee, R., & Kumar, S. (2011). Organic livestock production: an emerging opportunity with new challenges for producers in tropical countries. Revue Scientifique et Technique, 30 (3), 969-983. https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.30.3.2092
  • Curseu, D., Popa, M., & Sirbu, D. (2009). Potential Impact of Climate Change on Pandemic Influenza Risk. Global Warming. Green Energy and Technology, 643-657. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1017-2_45
  • Duman, İ., Altındişli, A., & Aksoy, U. (2009). Organik çiftlik yönetim modeli. I. GAP Organik Tarım Kongresi, Şanlıurfa, Türkiye
  • Durak Kılıçaslan, N.S. (2015). Türkiye ve AB’de organik tarım mevzuatı, uygulamaları ve değerlendirilmesi. AB Uzmanlık Tezi, Gıda Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı Avrupa Birliği ve Dış İlişkiler Müdürlüğü Ankara, Türkiye
  • EC. (2020). European Commission, Farm to fork strategy. Available in: https://ec.europa.eu/food/sites/ food/files/safety/docs/f2f_action-plan_2020_ strategy-info_en.pdf, Accessed on: 10 Jun, 2020
  • Ecovia Intelligence. (2020). Organic foods getting coronavirus boost. Related report, Global organic food & Drink market trends & Outlook. Available in: https://www.ecoviaint.com/organic-foods-getting-coronavirus-boost/#, Accessed on: 22 Jun, 2020
  • EMA. (2018). European Medicines Agency. Sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents in 30 European countries in 2016, Trends from 2010 to 2016 Eighth ESVAC report. Veterinary Medicines Division, EMA/275982/2018, ISBN 978-92-9155-059-3, ISSN 2315-1455.
  • Escribano, A.J. (2018). Organic Feed, A Bottleneck for the Development of the Livestock Sector and Its Transition to Sustainability? Sustainability, 10, 2393. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10072393.
  • FAO. (2009). Food and Agriculture Organization. Reform of the committee on world food security final version. CFS:2009/2 Rev.2. Available in: https://www.fao.org/3/k7197e/k7197e.pdf, Accessed on: 22 Jun, 2020
  • FAO. (2018). Food and Agriculture Organization. Guiding the transition to sustainable food and agrıcultural systems. Available in: http://www.fao.org/documents/ card/en/c/I9037EN/, Accessed on: 13 Mar, 2020
  • FAO. (2019a). Food and Agriculture Organization. FAO’s work on the right to food. CA6142EN/1/10.19. Available in: https://www.fao.org/3/ca6142en/CA6142EN.pdf, Accessed on: 13 Mar, 2020
  • FAO. (2019b). Food and Agriculture Organization. FAO sağlıklı beslenme ile açlığa son verilmiş bir 511 dünya. CA5268TR/1/09.19. Available in: https://www.fao.org/3/ ca5268tr/CA5268TR.pdf, 512 Accessed on: 13 Mar, 2020
  • FAO. (2020a). Food and Agriculture Organization. Covid-19 response and recovery programme, food systems transformation, building to transform during response and recovery. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb0281en FAO. (2020b). Food and Agriculture Organization. Mitigating the impacts of Covid-19 on the livestock sector. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/ca8799en
  • FAO. (2020c). Food and Agriculture Organization. Addressing the impacts of Covid-19 in food crises April–December 2020, FAO's component of the global Covid-19 humanitarian response plan. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/ca8497en
  • FAO. (2015). Food and Agriculture Organization. NRC ( Climate, Energy and Tenure Division), TECA (Technologies and practices for smallholder farmers), DDNR (Team from the research and extension division). Training Manual For Organic Agriculture. Available in: http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/nr/sustainability_pathways/docs/Compilation_techniques_organic_agriculture_rev.pdf, Accessed on: 01 Sep, 2020
  • FAO. (2021). Food and Agriculture Organization. Animal husbandry in organic agriculture. Available in: http://www.fao.org/3/CA2560EN/ca2560en.pdf, Accessed on: 01 Sept, 2021
  • FIBL.(2020). Research Institute of Organic Agriculture. IFOAM ( International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements).The world of organic agriculture-statistics & emerging trends 2020. Available in: https://www.organic-world.net/yearbook/yearbook-2020.html, Accessed on: 05 Mar, 2020
  • Fuller, T., Bensch, S., Müller, I., Novembre, J., Perez-Tris, J., Ricklefs, R.E., Smith, T.B., & Waldenström, J. (2012). The ecology of emerging infectious diseases in migratory birds: an assessment of the role of climate change and priorities for future research. Ecohealth, 9 (1), 80-88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-012-0750-1
  • GRAIN. (2006). Avian influenza crisis: small poultry farms are the solution not the problem. International Network For Family Poultry Development, Newsletter 16 (1), Report No: 6, 31-38. http://www.fao.org/3/a-aq609e.pdf.
  • Gülçubuk, B. (2020). Covid-19 Sonrasında Tarım Politikalarının Geleceği. İstanbul Politik Araştırmalar Enstitüsü, Temmuz 2020-012. Türkiye. https://d4b693e1-c592-4336-bc6a-36c134d6fb5e.filesusr.com/ugd/c80586_ 5e5220560e5a4b5cab8c0c3e0272ddd9.pdf
  • Huber, M., Coulie, L., Wopereis, S., Savelkoul, H.F.J., Nierop, D., & Hoogenboom, L.A.P. (2012). Enhanced catch-up growth after a challenge in animals on organic feed. International Conference on Nutrition & Growth. Available in: https://edepot.wur.nl/200518, Accessed on: 05 Mar, 2020
  • IPCC (2020). Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Global warming of 1.5°C. Available in: https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/06/SR15_Full_Report_High_Res.pdf, Accessed on: 09 Jun, 2020
  • Janssen, M., Chang, B., Hristov, H., Pravst, I., Profeta, A., & Millard, J. (2021). Changes in Food Consumption During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Analysis of Consumer Survey Data From the First Lockdown Period in Denmark, Germany, and Slovenia. Frontiers in nutrition, 8, 635859. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.635859
  • Jespersen, L.M., Baggesen, D.L., Fog, E., Halsnaes, K., Hermansen, J.E., Andreasen, L., Strandberg, B., Sorensen, J.T.I., & Halberg, N. (2017). Contribution of organic farming to public goods in Denmark. Organic Agriculture, 7, 243-266. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13165-017-0193-7
  • Jones, B., Grace ,D., Kock, R., Alonso, S., Rushton, J., Said, M.Y., Mckeever, D., Mutua, F., Young, J., Mcdermott, J., & Pfeiffer, D. (2013). Zoonosis emergence linked to agricultural intensification and environmental change. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110, 8399-8404. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1208059110
  • Tapan, T. K. (2021). Covid-19 ve Beslenme. Başkent Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi-BÜSBİD, 6.
  • LePan, N. (2020). Visualizing the history of pandemics. Available in: https://www.visualcapitalist.com, Accessed on: 27 Aug, 2020
  • Lund, V., & Algers, B. (2003). Research on Animal Health and Welfare in Organic Farming-A Literature Review. Livestock Production Science, 80 (1-2), 55-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-6226(02)00321-4.
  • Lutz, S., & Long, M. (2020). 2020 Q1 Organic Produce Performance With March update. Organic Produce Network Connect Newsletter 166.
  • MERCARIS. (2020). Special Report, 2020 Covid-19, U.S. Organic Commodity Market & Risk Outlook.
  • Morens, D.M., Folkers, G.K., & Fauci, A.S. (2009). What Is a Pandemic? The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 200 (7), 1018-1021. https://doi.org/10.1086/644537
  • Nauta, W.J., Baars, T., Groen, A.F., Veerkamp, R.F., & Roep, D. (2001). Animal breeding in organic farming, Discussion paper, Louis Bolk Institute, Driebergen.
  • Roos, D. (2020). How 5 of History's Worst Pandemics Finally Ended. Available in: https://www.history.com/news/pandemics-end-plague-cholera-black-death-smallpox, Accessed on: 27 Aug, 2020
  • Sachan, N., & Singh, V.P. (2010). Effect of climatic changes on the prevalence of zoonotic diseases. Veterinary World, 3 (11), 519-522.
  • Schutter, De O. (2014). Agroecology and the right to food. Leisa India. 16 (2), 18-19.
  • Seleiman, M.F., Selim, S., Alhammad, B.A., Alharbi, B.M., & Cezar Juliatti, F. (2020). Will novel coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic impact agriculture, food security and animal sectors? Bioscience Journal. 36 (4). https://doi.org/10.14393/BJ-v36n4a2020-54560.
  • UNCTAD. (2020). United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. Covid-19 and tourism, Assessing the Economic Consequences. Available in: https://unctad.org/webflyer/covid-19-and-tourism-assessing-economic-consequences, Accessed on: 27 Aug, 2020
  • Vaarst, M., & Alrøe, H.F. (2012). Concepts of animal health and welfare in organic livestock systems. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 25, 333-347. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10806-011-9314-6.
  • Wang, L.F., & Crameri, G. (2014). Emerging zoonotic viral diseases. Revue Scientifique et Technique, 33 (2), 569-581. https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.33.2.2311
  • WHO. (2004). World Health Organization. Summary of probable SARS cases with onset of illness from 1 November 2002 to 31 July 2003. Available in: https://www.who.int/csr/sars/country/table2004_04_21/en/, Accessed on: 06 Jun, 2020
  • WHO. (2016). World Health Organization. Strategic and technical advisory group on antimicrobial resistance. Report of fifth meeting, 23-24 November 2015, WHO Headquarters, Geneva. WHO/DGO/AMR/2016.1
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There are 56 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Zootechny (Other)
Journal Section 63-1
Authors

Candan Karakurt

Bumin Emre Teke

Bülent Bülbül

Kürşat Alkoyak

Early Pub Date July 15, 2023
Publication Date June 30, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 63 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Karakurt, C., Teke, B. E., Bülbül, B., Alkoyak, K. (2023). Pandemics and Ecological Animal Husbandry. Livestock Studies, 63(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.46897/livestockstudies.1173698
AMA Karakurt C, Teke BE, Bülbül B, Alkoyak K. Pandemics and Ecological Animal Husbandry. Livestock Studies. June 2023;63(1):1-10. doi:10.46897/livestockstudies.1173698
Chicago Karakurt, Candan, Bumin Emre Teke, Bülent Bülbül, and Kürşat Alkoyak. “Pandemics and Ecological Animal Husbandry”. Livestock Studies 63, no. 1 (June 2023): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.46897/livestockstudies.1173698.
EndNote Karakurt C, Teke BE, Bülbül B, Alkoyak K (June 1, 2023) Pandemics and Ecological Animal Husbandry. Livestock Studies 63 1 1–10.
IEEE C. Karakurt, B. E. Teke, B. Bülbül, and K. Alkoyak, “Pandemics and Ecological Animal Husbandry”, Livestock Studies, vol. 63, no. 1, pp. 1–10, 2023, doi: 10.46897/livestockstudies.1173698.
ISNAD Karakurt, Candan et al. “Pandemics and Ecological Animal Husbandry”. Livestock Studies 63/1 (June 2023), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.46897/livestockstudies.1173698.
JAMA Karakurt C, Teke BE, Bülbül B, Alkoyak K. Pandemics and Ecological Animal Husbandry. Livestock Studies. 2023;63:1–10.
MLA Karakurt, Candan et al. “Pandemics and Ecological Animal Husbandry”. Livestock Studies, vol. 63, no. 1, 2023, pp. 1-10, doi:10.46897/livestockstudies.1173698.
Vancouver Karakurt C, Teke BE, Bülbül B, Alkoyak K. Pandemics and Ecological Animal Husbandry. Livestock Studies. 2023;63(1):1-10.