ABSTRACT

The Evolution of Human Cleverness presents a unique introduction to the way human cognitive abilities have evolved. The book comprises a series of mini-essays on distinct topics in which technical terms are simplified, considering how humans made the long journey from our ape-like ancestors to become capable of higher-level reasoning and problem solving.

All the topics are cross-linked, allowing the reader to dip in and out, but certain key concepts run through the underlying reasoning. Chiefly, these are adaptation and selection, the distinction between ultimate and proximate causes of behaviour, gene–culture co-evolution, and domain-general versus domain-specific cognitive processes. The book should help the reader draw lessons for the human species as a whole, especially in view of the environmental threats to its own existence.

Entries have been carefully crafted to cut through scientific jargon, providing bite-sized and digestible chunks of knowledge, making the topic accessible for students and lay readers alike. The author draws on research from diverse fields including Psychology, Anthropology, Archaeology, Biology, and Neuroscience to provide an unbiased account of the field, making it an ideal text for students of all levels.

part 1|10 pages

Introduction

chapter 1|4 pages

Aims

chapter 2|4 pages

Overview

part 2|17 pages

Essential themes

chapter 4|2 pages

Adaptation and selection

chapter 6|3 pages

Human uniqueness

chapter 7|2 pages

Reasoning about the past

part 3|20 pages

Hominin ancestors

chapter 10|2 pages

Hominin and primate relatives

chapter 11|1 pages

Ancestral hominins

chapter 12|2 pages

Bipedalism

chapter 13|1 pages

Early Homo

chapter 14|2 pages

Late Homo

chapter 15|1 pages

Homo floresiensis

chapter 16|1 pages

Who or what is Homo sapiens?

chapter 17|1 pages

How clever were Neanderthals?

chapter 18|2 pages

Behavioural modernity

chapter 19|2 pages

Hominin life history

part 4|19 pages

Selection and transmission of traits

chapter 21|3 pages

Genetic inheritance

chapter 22|2 pages

Sexual selection

chapter 23|3 pages

Group selection

chapter 24|1 pages

Exaptation

chapter 25|1 pages

Non-selectionist processes

chapter 26|2 pages

Gene–culture co-evolution

chapter 27|2 pages

Genes and hominin evolution

part 5|22 pages

Contentious theoretical issues

chapter 30|2 pages

Intentionality

chapter 33|4 pages

Representation

chapter 34|2 pages

Modularity

chapter 36|2 pages

Recursion

chapter 37|2 pages

The meaning of signs

part 6|26 pages

Comparing ourselves with other primates

part 7|29 pages

How did hominins evolve socially?

chapter 47|2 pages

Self-awareness and identity

chapter 48|4 pages

Social learning: imitation

chapter 49|2 pages

The social brain hypothesis

chapter 50|3 pages

Cooperation

chapter 51|4 pages

Social reciprocity

chapter 54|4 pages

Self-domestication

part 8|11 pages

The brain

chapter 57|1 pages

Handedness

chapter 58|2 pages

The mirror neuron system

part 9|9 pages

Learning from archaeology

chapter 60|3 pages

What can stone-tools tell us?

chapter 61|2 pages

Fire

part 10|17 pages

Language

part 11|32 pages

Becoming complex and clever

chapter 68|3 pages

The social self

chapter 69|3 pages

Memory: living in time

chapter 70|2 pages

Working memory

chapter 71|2 pages

Meta-cognition

chapter 72|3 pages

Abstraction and analogy

chapter 75|3 pages

The evolution of reasoning

part 12|18 pages

Putting it all together