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Terminal evaluation of the project “Payments for Ecosystem Services to Support Forest Conservation and Sustainable Livelihoods”

Project code: GCP/MOZ/117/GFF – GEF ID: 5516











FAO. 2023. Terminal evaluation of the project “Payments for Ecosystem Services to Support Forest Conservation and Sustainable Livelihoods”. Project Evaluation Series, 25/2023. Rome. 



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    Brochure, flyer, fact-sheet
    Payments for Ecosystem Services to Support Forest Conservation and Sustainable Livelihoods
    Evaluation Highlights
    2023
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    The Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) to Support Forest Conservation and Sustainable Livelihoods project, supported by the Global Environment Facility (GEF), sought to promote biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation in the Miombo forest ecosystem. It aimed to strengthen the existing revenue sharing mechanism (RSM) that supports the sustainable use and conservation of forests and wildlife and improves local livelihoods. The terminal evaluation covered almost the entire original implementation period and had a dual purpose of accountability and learning, making it summative. The evaluation covered the Zambezia Province districts where project activities were implemented.
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    Project
    Supporting Forest Conservation and Sustainable Livelihoods through a Payment for Ecosystem Services Scheme in Mozambique - GCP/MOZ/117/GFF 2023
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    Forest ecosystem services provide livelihoods for many rural communities in Mozambique, particularly in the Zambéziaprovince, which has an estimated 5 063 600 ha of forest, making up nearly half of its total land cover. Unsustainable land management practices, agricultural expansion and illegal logging and charcoal production have caused deforestation and forest degradation in this area, which, in turn, threaten these ecosystem services, despite their importance for rural livelihoods. In close collaboration with the DireçãoNacional de Florestas(DINAF, National Directorate of Forests) of the Ministérioda Terra e Ambiente(MTA, Ministry of Land and Environment), FAO implemented this project to conserve biodiversity and support the sustainable use of forest and wildlife resources to enhance rural livelihoods in Zambéziaprovince. This was to be done by improving the country’s revenue-sharing mechanism (RSM) and supporting the revision of Ministerial Order No. 93/2005, which states that 20 percent of the total amount of fees or taxes gained through the sale of forest and wildlife resources must be returned to local beneficiaries in the areas where the resources are extracted, and by implementing a payment for ecosystem services (PES) scheme, which rewards local communities for sustainable land management (SLM).
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    Article
    Climate change, forest restoration and payment for ecosystem services
    XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
    2022
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    Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) is an innovative approach towards tackling climate change by using financial incentives to reduce emissions from deforestation and degradation. The paper deliberates upon PES approach to forest restoration and various contexts in which it has been applied. An important need is to be flexible and adapt to lessons learned and changing circumstances. PES can concomitantly benefit buyers and sellers and improve the resource base. Costa Rica pioneered PES by establishing a programme of payments. Its 1996 forestry law explicitly recognizes four forest ecosystem services: carbon fixation and sequestration, hydrological services, biodiversity protection, and scenic beauty. Through financial and legal mechanisms, beneficiaries of forest service compensate those who protect them. Indian judiciary instituted a compensatory afforestation mechanism. It collects funds from buyers to finance the restoration of forests and related ecological and aesthetic landscapes. This mechanism moved into implementation mode about 10 years ago with a corpus fund of over 2.2 billion US dollars and to release resources for forest restoration equal to the interest earned. Drawing upon case studies, the paper concludes that PES potential to concurrently support sustainable development and forest restoration depends upon governance system and design of payment schemes. Since climate change shall impact the capacity of forests to provide vital ecosystem services, the projected socio-economic consequences will be severe, more so for forest-dependent communities vulnerable to climate variability. PES strategies and schemes thus need to be designed to promote holistic and contextual approach to forest restoration, ecosystem services, human wellbeing and climate change adaptation andmitigation. Keywords: Climate, Ecosystems, Economics, Finance, Forests, PES ID: 3486186

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