In this paper, the process of generation of workers is analysed about women workers SHOKUGYO-FUJIN, (such as telephon operators, shop girls at large shops, office girls and typists).
Quality and quantity of the demand for workers change following economic change, that is to say, when business organization including its status role system changes, the number of workers demanded and distribution of workers among works change and positions which bear quite new works appear.
When the change of quality and quantity in the demand for workers, the total society, is great, people who have not yet been the object of employment often appear at labor market. In this case, the status and role, especially, in the family, which they have had till then change very much, and so, friction grow.
In this paper, the object of such analysis is SHOKUGYO-FUJIN who emerged during the post-WWI. It was after WWI when the term SHOKUGYO-FUJIN came to be used, which conoted the women workers of a new type though the range was not so clear. The emergence of SHOKUGYO-FUJIN was a subject of argument in the way different from the case of women laborers of older days. The primary question about SHOKUGYO-FUJIN was whether it is appro priate for a woman to have a professions ; While the argument had centered around the working condition and the protection of maternity in the case of women laborers.
Economic development during the post-WWI period brought about great change in business organization. Official department expanded both in each company and in total society, and structure of office changed. The emergence of SHOKUGYO-FUJIN was the result of the demand for workers of a new type following such changes. It also meant the new appearence of middle-class women to labor market. That is, women laborer had come mostly from poor farming family and women of middle-class had not been the object of employment.
Now, the family institution of Japan idealised women as RYOSAI-KEMBO (good wife-wise mother) and limited the activities of women within the household. RYOSAI-KEMBO was the very norm to regulate the behavior of women in the middle and upper class. It was deviation from RYOSAI-KEMBO that women went into the work. The norm for middle class women which accept to go into the work was not completed. So, the argument was raised concerning justice of the emergence of SHOKUGYO-FUJIN.