Distribution & Access For Publication Downloads News About Us Contact Us
Paper Titles
Assessment of the Power Potentials of Ofu Stream for Mini Hydroelectric Development
p.129
Recycling Piezo-Crystal Based Sounders from Small (Electronic) Devices into Energy Harvesting Devices
p.138
Design and Implementation of a Heart Rate Monitor
p.145
Frequency Characterization of a Polarized UWB MIMO Channel at 3.5 GHz in an Indoor Environment
p.153
Measurement and Analysis of Power Density around Selected Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) Base Station Masts in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
p.161
Reliability Assessment of an Electronic System: A Case Study of Nokia N1650 Mobile Phone Charger in Zaria, Nigeria
p.170
Assessing Service Quality in a Telecommunication Firm in Upper East Region of Ghana
p.178
Optimal Antenna Configurations for Digital Oilfield Implementations
p.187
Secured Online Payment Using Biometric Identification System
p.193

Measurement and Analysis of Power Density around Selected Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) Base Station Masts in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria

Article Preview

Abstract:

Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and other telecommunication technologies are now ubiquitous worldwide. There has been considerable increase in the radiofrequency (RF) radiation exposure of the public from GSM and telecommunication transmitting and receiving antennas. If the RF radiation emanating from these devices exceeds internationally recommended limits it may pose health risk to the public. There is, therefore, the need for database of RF distribution levels in Nigeria for safety assessment. In this study, the power density of mobile phone base station masts in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria was measured and analyzed to check if it is within the public standard recommended by International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). A total of forty (40) mobile phone base station masts were studied and their power density (mW/m2), magnetic field strength (A/m) and electric field strength (V/m) were determined by means of a digital Electrosmog meter, model MECO 9810 RF covering the frequency range 10 MHz 8 GHz. The measurements were made at the base of the masts and at distances 25, 50, 75 and 100 m respectively from the base of the masts. The results obtained show that the mean power density, magnetic field strength and electric field strength range from 0.589 ± 0.198 to 127.718 ± 11.301 mW/m2, 0.318 ± 0.056 to 4.166 ± 2.041 A/m and 0.934 ± 0.139 to 11.745 ± 3.427 V/m. The measured and calculated power density values were compared and found to indicate high positive correlation. Also the values of the power density obtained in this study at the different distances and locations were found to be far below the ICNIRP public exposure limits ranging from 2000 10000 mW/m2 in the frequency range of 10 MHz 300 GHz.

You might also be interested in these eBooks
Advances in Materials and Systems Technologies IV View Preview

Info:

Periodical:

Advanced Materials Research (Volume 824)

Pages:

161-169

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.824.161

Citation:

Cite this paper

Online since:

September 2013

Authors:

O.D. Osahon, G.E. Okungbowa, O. Ogboghodo

Keywords:

Base Station Masts, Electric Field Strength, Magnetic Field Strength, Power Density, Radiofrequency Radiation

Export:

RIS, BibTeX

Price:

Permissions:

Request Permissions

References

[1] Nigerian Communication Commission (2007) website www. ncc. ng. com.

Google Scholar

[2] J. K. Amoako, Electromagnetic radiation from mobile phones and their base stations: Health effects. Regional Development Forum. Bridging the standardisation gap in developing countries. (2008).

Google Scholar

[3] O. D. Nworgu, C. A. Anyaeji, O. D. Osahon, E. Sekegor, Measurement of radiofrequency radiation (RFR) power levels from some GSM base stations and phones. Journal of the Nigerian Association of Mathematical Physics (J. of NAMP), Vol. 17 (2010).

Google Scholar

[4] J. F. Viel, S. Clerc, C. Barrera, R. Rymzhanova, M. Moissonnier, E. Cardis, Residential exposure to radiofrequency fields from mobile phone base stations and broadcast transmitters: A population based survey with personal meter. Occup. Environ. Med. 66 (2008).

DOI: 10.1136/oem.2008.044180

Google Scholar

[5] E. A. Navarro, J. Segura, M. Portols, C. Gmez – Perretta de Mateo, The microwave syndrome: A preliminary study in Spain. Electromagn Biol Med 22 (2003) 161 – 169.

DOI: 10.1081/jbc-120024625

Google Scholar

[6] A. Bortkiewicz, M. Zmylony, A. Szyjkowska, E. Gadzicka, Subjective symptoms reported by people living in the vicinity of cellular phone base stations. Med. Pr. 55(4) (2004) 345 – 51.

DOI: 10.2478/s13382-012-0007-9

Google Scholar

[7] A. Chiabrera, B. Bianco, E. Moggia, J. J. Kaufman, Zeaman-Stark modeling of the RF EMF interaction with ligand binding. Bioelectromagnetics, 21 (2000) 312–324.

DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-186x(200005)21:4<312::aid-bem7>3.0.co;2-#

Google Scholar

[8] C. J. Thompson, Y. S. Young, V. Anderson, A. W. Wood, A cooperative model for Ca++ efflux windowing from cell membranes exposed to electromagnetic radiation. Bioelectromagnetics, 21(2000) 455-464.

DOI: 10.1002/1521-186x(200009)21:6<455::aid-bem5>3.0.co;2-g

Google Scholar

[9] L. Von Klitzing, Low-Frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields influence EEG of man. Physica Medica, Vol. 11, No. 2, (1995) 77-80.

Google Scholar

[10] H. Lai, N.P. Singh, Single- and double-strand DNA breaks in rat brain cells after acute exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation. Int J Radiat Biol 69 (1996) 513-521.

DOI: 10.1080/095530096145814

Google Scholar

[11] M. H. Repacholi, Low-level exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields: Health effects and research needs. Bioelectromagnetics 19 (1997) 1-19.

DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-186x(1998)19:1<1::aid-bem1>3.0.co;2-5

Google Scholar

[12] B. R. R. Persson, L. G. Salford, A. Brun, Blood-Brain Barrier permeability in rats exposed to electromagnetic fields used in wireless communication. Wireless Networks, Vol. 3, (1997) 455-461.

DOI: 10.1023/a:1019150510840

Google Scholar

[13] P. W. French, R. Penny, J. A. Laurence, D. R. McKenzie, Mobile phones, heat shock proteins and cancer. Differentiation, 67(2001) 93-97.

DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-0436.2001.670401.x

Google Scholar

[14] A. Stang, G. Anastassiou, W. Ahrens, K. Bromen, N. Bornfeld, K. H. Jockel, The possible role of radiofrequency radiation in the development of uveal melanoma. Epidemiology 12 (2001)7–12.

DOI: 10.1097/00001648-200101000-00003

Google Scholar

[15] ICNIRP Statement: General approach to protection against non–ionizing radiation protection. Published in: Health Physics 82 (4) (2002) 540 – 548.

DOI: 10.1097/00004032-200204000-00017

Google Scholar

[16] World Health Organization (WHO), Extremely low frequency fields. Environmental Health Criteria, Vol. 238. (2007).

Google Scholar

[17] H. P. Hutter, H. Moshammer, P. Wallner, M. Kundi, Subjective symptoms, sleeping problems, and cognitive performance in subjects living near mobile phone base stations. Occup. Environ. Med. 63 (2006) 307–313.

DOI: 10.1136/oem.2005.020784

Google Scholar

[18] A. S. Vasudeva, Modern Engineering Physics, S. Chand and Company Ltd, Ram Nagar, New Delhi, (2010).

Google Scholar

[19] P. Kinsler, Optical pulse propagation with minimal approximations. Phys. Rev. A 81(2010) 013819.

Google Scholar

[20] R. Wolf, D. Wolf, Increased incidence of cancer near a cellphone transmitter station. Int. J. Cancer Prev. 1 (2004) 123–128.

Google Scholar

Scientific.Net is a registered brand of Trans Tech Publications Ltd
© 2024 by Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved