中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (24): 3815-3820.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2747

• 骨与关节生物力学 bone and joint biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

选择性首尾端椎弓根螺钉强化治疗骨质疏松性腰椎退变的有限元分析

郭惠智1,唐永超2,梁  德2,张顺聪2,杨志东2,袁  凯2,郭丹青1,李永贤1,莫国业2   

  1. 1广州中医药大学,广东省广州市  510405;2广州中医药大学第一附属医院脊柱骨科,广东省广州市  510405

  • 收稿日期:2019-12-06 修回日期:2019-12-12 接受日期:2020-01-02 出版日期:2020-08-28 发布日期:2020-08-13
  • 通讯作者: 梁德,主任医师,广州中医药大学第一附属医院脊柱骨科,广东省广州市 510405
  • 作者简介:郭惠智,男,1994年生,江西省赣州市人,广州中医药大学在读博士,主要从事脊柱相关疾病的诊治研究。
  • 基金资助:
    广州中医药大学第一附属医院创新强院项目(2019ⅡT32)

Cementing the apical and terminal pedicle screw applied in osteoporotic spine with lumbosacral degenerative disease: a finite element analysis

Guo Huizhi1, Tang Yongchao2, Liang De2, Zhang Shuncong2, Yang Zhidong2, Yuan Kai2, Guo Danqing1, Li Yongxian1, Mo Guoye2   

  1. 1Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, China; 2Department of Spine and Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2019-12-06 Revised:2019-12-12 Accepted:2020-01-02 Online:2020-08-28 Published:2020-08-13
  • Contact: Liang De, Chief physician, Department of Spine and Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, China
  • About author:Guo Huizhi, Doctoral candidate, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the Innovation and Hospital Strength Project of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 2019IIT32 

摘要:

文题释义:

骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉固定:此技术旨在针对普通椎弓根螺钉在骨质疏松性椎体中把持力不足的问题,通过空心螺钉直接注入骨水泥或在椎体内预先推注骨水泥,然后拧入螺钉,从而提高骨-螺钉界面稳定性。生物力学试验和临床数据表明其可明显降低螺钉松动、断裂的发生率,但存在骨水泥渗漏、肺栓塞等并发症。

选择性首尾端椎弓根螺钉强化:骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉一般是在所有固定节段的螺钉均推注骨水泥,存在渗漏风险大、手术时间长、费用高等不足。而根据文献报道和作者的临床观察,骨质疏松椎体中螺钉的松动大部分发生在固定节段的首尾端。因此,此次研究评估了在固定节段的首尾端椎弓根螺钉选择性进行骨水泥强化的稳定性和安全性。

背景:骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉固定是骨质疏松椎体的有效固定方式,减少骨水泥渗漏是提高其临床安全性的重要方式。

目的:比较选择性首尾端椎弓根螺钉强化和全部椎弓根螺钉强化技术在腰椎融合固定术中的生物力学稳定性。

方法:通过1例正常男性志愿者的腰椎CT扫描数据,建立L2-L5节段的完整有限元模型。验证完整模型的有效性后,再分别建立双节段和三节段固定的选择性首尾端椎弓根螺钉强化和全部椎弓根螺钉强化模型。在上位椎体上表面施加150 N的垂直向下载荷模拟人体上半身重力,并施加不同方向上10 N·m的力矩,模拟脊柱前屈、后伸、左右侧弯和左右旋转等生理活动,比较2组模型固定节段活动度、融合器应力和内固定应力的差异。

结果与结论:①模型的有效性验证显示完整模型在各个方向上的活动度与已发表的尸体研究类似;②在固定节段活动度上,选择性首尾端椎弓根螺钉强化模型的活动度稍大于全部椎弓根螺钉强化模型;但在屈伸、侧弯和旋转等各种活动状态下,2组模型活动度的差值均小于0.15°,说明2种固定方式均能较好的维持手术节段稳定性;③在融合器和内固定应力上,2组模型的差异也较小;④对于双节段和三节段融合固定的伴骨质疏松腰椎退变性疾病患者,选择性首尾端椎弓根螺钉强化与全部椎弓根螺钉强化技术的生物力学稳定性类似,且可减少骨水泥渗漏风险和患者费用,可能是一种较好的替代手术方式。

ORCID: 0000-0003-3952-0030(郭惠智)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 骨质疏松, 腰椎退变, 选择性首尾端椎弓根螺钉强化, 全部椎弓根螺钉强化, 有限元分析

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Cement-augmented pedicle screw is an effective fixation for osteoporotic spine, and it is important to reduce the rate of cement leakage.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the stability of cementing the apical and terminal pedicle screw applied in osteoporotic spine with lumbosacral degenerative disease by finite element analysis.

METHODS: An intact finite element model of L2-5 segment was established by using CT scan data of one normal male volunteer. After verifying the validity of the intact model, the cementing apical and terminal pedicle screw and cement-augmented pedicle screw models of double/multi-level segment fixation were established, respectively. A 150 N vertical axial pre-load was imposed on the superior surface and a 10 N·m moment was applied on the superior surface along the radial direction to simulate six different physiological motions: flexion, extension, left bending, right bending, left rotation, and right rotation. The different of range of motion, cage stress, and pedicle screw stress on fixed segments were compared between models.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The validity showed that the range of motion of the intact model was similar to cadaveric studies in all directions. (2) The range of motion of cementing the apical and terminal pedicle screw group was slightly larger than that of cement-augmented pedicle screw group and the difference between the two groups was less than 0.15°. The two fixation methods could maintain the similar stability of the operation segment. (3) The difference of the cage stress and instrument stress was also small between the two groups. (4) These results suggest that compare with cement-augmented pedicle screw, cementing the apical and terminal pedicle screw can increase the approximate stability in double-level and multi-level segment fusion. The cementing the apical and terminal pedicle screw procedure may reduce the risk of cement leakage and patient costs, and offer a useful alternative to the cement-augmented pedicle screw procedure.

Key words: osteoporosis, lumbar degenerative diseases, cementing the apical and terminal pedicle screw, finite element analysis

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