基于超声相控阵全聚焦DAC图谱的钢轨缺陷定量方法

doi:10.3901/JME.2021.18.032

机械工程学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (18): 32-41.doi: 10.3901/JME.2021.18.032

• 特邀专栏：高速铁路钢轨检测监测与应用 • 上一篇下一篇

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基于超声相控阵全聚焦DAC图谱的钢轨缺陷定量方法

李天骥¹, 石永生², 陈峰¹, 胡宏伟³, 李雄兵¹

1. 中南大学交通运输工程学院长沙 410075;
2. 中国国家铁路集团有限公司铁路基础设施检测中心北京 100081;
3. 长沙理工大学汽车与机械工程学院长沙 410114

收稿日期:2020-12-28 修回日期:2021-06-26 出版日期:2021-09-20 发布日期:2021-11-30
通讯作者: 陈峰(通信作者),男,1978年出生,博士,讲师,硕士研究生导师。主要研究方向为低速综合检测检测设备研制,高速钢轨探伤检测装备研制及应用开发,钢轨伤损智能识别技术等。E-mail:fengyuan95@csu.edu.cn
作者简介:李天骥,男,1990年出生。主要研究方向为超声相控阵检测。E-mail:204211057@csu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（52075049）、湖南省自然科学杰出青年基金（2020JJ2028）和湖南省自然科学基金面上（2020JJ4112）资助项目。

Quantitative Method of Rail Flaws Based on Ultrasonic Phased Array and Total Focusing DAC Mappings

LI Tianji¹, SHI Yongsheng², CHEN Feng¹, HU Hongwei³, LI Xiongbing¹

1. School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075;
2. Railway Infrastructure Inspection Center, China Railway, Beijing 100081;
3. Automotive & Mechanical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114

Received:2020-12-28 Revised:2021-06-26 Online:2021-09-20 Published:2021-11-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 用相控阵全聚焦（Total focusing method，TFM）技术复核钢轨缺陷的超声检测结果时，存在缺陷定量不够准确的问题。对此本研究将传统的距离幅值校正（Distance amplitude correction，DAC）方法引入到了TFM技术中：结合声场模型、系统函数和缺陷散射模型，建立超声测量模型以预测钢轨缺陷的全矩阵回波信号集；通过延时叠加模拟了TFM成像结果；对缺陷位置和尺寸进行遍历，构建超声相控阵TFM-DAC图谱。试验结果表明，用TFM-DAC图谱对钢轨缺陷进行定量时精度优于6%，而传统-6 dB法的定量精度高达13%。研究中还进一步揭示了坏晶片对TFM声能分布和钢轨缺陷定量的影响规律，模拟了存在25%坏晶片的两种工况，探明了坏晶片分布方式和TFM-DAC图谱之间对应性质，发现钢轨缺陷的定量精度并没有降低，对于延长相控换能器的经济使用寿命有重要指导意义。

关键词: 超声相控阵, 钢轨检测, 距离幅值校正(DAC), 全聚焦, 缺陷定量

Abstract: When the ultrasonic measurement of rail defects is carried out by the phased-array total focusing method (TFM), the accuracy of defect quantification is still not enough. For this purpose, the traditional distance amplitude correction (DAC) method is introduced into the TFM technique. Combining the sound field model, the system function and the flaw scattering model, an ultrasonic measurement model is established to predict the Full Matrix Capture signal set of the rail defects. Then, the TFM imaging results are obtained by the superposition of the delayed time domain data. By traversing the defect locations and sizes, a family of TFM-DAC mapping is constructed for a given ultrasonic phased array probe. The experimental results show that the quantification accuracy of rail defects with TFM-DAC mapping is better than 6%, while the quantification accuracy is as high as 13% when using traditional -6dB method. Further, the influences of inactive elements on the ultrasonic energy distribution of TFM and the quantification of rail defects are also revealed. By using the proposed method under the simulated conditions that a quarter of elements is broken, the one-to-one correspondence between the inactive elements and the TFM-DAC mapping is explored. The quantification accuracy of rail defects is not significantly reduced. In short, the present method is an important guiding for extending the economic service life of the phased array transducer.

Key words: ultrasonic phased array, rail detection, distance amplitude correction, total focusing method, defect quantification

中图分类号:

U216

李天骥, 石永生, 陈峰, 胡宏伟, 李雄兵. 基于超声相控阵全聚焦DAC图谱的钢轨缺陷定量方法[J]. 机械工程学报, 2021, 57(18): 32-41.

LI Tianji, SHI Yongsheng, CHEN Feng, HU Hongwei, LI Xiongbing. Quantitative Method of Rail Flaws Based on Ultrasonic Phased Array and Total Focusing DAC Mappings[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2021, 57(18): 32-41.

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基于超声相控阵全聚焦DAC图谱的钢轨缺陷定量方法

Quantitative Method of Rail Flaws Based on Ultrasonic Phased Array and Total Focusing DAC Mappings

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