Japanese Journal of Health and Human Ecology
Online ISSN : 1882-868X
Print ISSN : 0368-9395
ISSN-L : 0368-9395
Observation of Feet in University Students: Gross Characteristics of the Foot, Hallux Angle, and the Shape of the Foot
Youichi TANAKA
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JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

1996 Volume 62 Issue 5 Pages 267-284

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Abstract

In recent years the relationship between feet and shoes has attracted social attention. Actually, numerous complaints of foot disorders such as deformity of toes and foot pain are made (Gerecki, 1978; Kura et al., 1989; Takeda, 1990) and among others, the frequency of complaints about toes is high. Particularly, the deformity of the first toe and its associated pain are frequently complained of. Since these symptoms are closely related with hallux valgus which has become known as foot disorder by the public, they receive attention. In those days when symptoms of hallux valgus became a problem, attention was paid to high-heeled shoes, which women wore by preference, as an etiologic factor. High heels assume particular shapes compared with other footwear and are apt to be judged by appearances to be a cause of disorders. Therefore, previous studies focused on wearing of high-heeled shoes and the name "high-heel syndrome" appeared. Since the problem occurred in women in the middle and upper ages, hallux valgus became a synonym for foot disorder in women and investigations were performed mainly in women. Indeed very frequent complaints of foot disorder are made by women and it has been reported that no lessthan 90% of women wearing shoes complain of some disorder (Halal ? Wilson, 1988; Kusumoto ? Ashizawa, 1988). Ladies' shoes are frequently slim and tight because importance is attached to a design. Many studies of the relationship between shoes and complaints about foot were published (Leslie, 1982; Kura et al., 1990; Christians, 1990) and narrow shoes such as high heels were regarded as a major cause of foot disorders. However, it has recently been demonstrated that "ill-fitting shoes", whether too small or too big, cause problems (Kumagaya et al., 1990; Nakai et al., 1991). Complaints suggestive of hallux valgus have gegun to be made by men (Ogihara, 1992) and the spread of foot disorders among ythe younger age group of either sex has been apprehended (Sato et al., 1993). With attention paid to the relationship between feet and shoes in the young, the author has made annual surveys of the feet of kindergartners and schoolchildren (Youich Tanaka et al., 1991b, 1992). The results demonstrate that many problems lie in the feet of boys. The style of dress of young men and women usually seen in streets has become unisex remarkably and the young show a preference for fashion over utility. This is true for shoes. It is in fashion to wea rather large shoes loosely.These facts, together with the view that "ill -fitting shoes cause problems", suggest that burden on feet is considerable not only in women but also in men. Information on the feet of the young, particularly young men, is so insufficient in quality and quantity as to understand the actual condition. Generally speaking, on the side of shoemakers, too, apart from shoes for fashion shows or professional sports shoes, men's shoes are not studied in greater detail than ladies' shoes. Under these circumstances, the author investigated the feet of university students of about twenty years old. The findings of the study suggest that the feet of men and men's shoes should be studied in more detail as in the case of women's.

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