The following points have been discussed on the basis of the survey of new cases among students at the University of the Ryukyus and an epidemiological study of tuberculosis among students at the same school during the period of 10 years between 1956. and 1965. 1. There are no noticeable fluctuation in the number of new TB patients in Okinawa recently. The degrees of their sickness are the intermediate and advanced stages, the calcareous concretion, pleurisy and other types which have symptoms of tuberculosis in the early period of infection and suffer from an acute contraction of the diseases which have a great influence on students at the University of the Ryukyus. There has been an indication, however, that the number of student patients who need recuperation has decreased but that of those who don't have to leave school because of the disease has increased despite the fact that there is hardly any noticeable fulctuations in the number of new TB patients in Okinawa. This phenomenon has resulted from the control of new cases, the prevention of the progress and the control of the active symptom of the disease which have been made after studying the actual condition of the disease through early discovery of the contraction and treatment of the disease with consistent examinations of students. The number of student patients of pleurisy and other types of tuberculosis, however, has been increasing a little and the phenomen on should be carefully studied for the future control of the diseases which will require an inculation of BCG/and improvement of environment. 2. It has been known that there are more TB petients who are infected with the disease during the early period of infection than at other stages. Among our student patients, however, there are more students who are infected with the disease during the period of latter infection than the early period, and there is a phenomenon that some of them have a weaker positive reaction of a tuberculin test. Order to control the disease, however, due concideration should be given both to the early and to the latter period of infection since those who have an intermediate and strong reaction of a tuberculin test are infected with the disease in the early period. 3. There are various causes for new cases of the disease and they are all related to one another. There are more student patients among those who live in rented rooms and othertypes of living accommodations than dormitories where a smaller number of patients are discovered. There are, moreover, many patients among Group C which consists of those students who have financial difficulties. The TB contraction rate of the group is high. There is an indication that students suffer from the disease because of their excessive labor for their part-time jobs and because of other heavy extraculicular activities. Only a few causes are found in dormitories.