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1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
2Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
3Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
4Department of Internal Medicine, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
5Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, Korea
6Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
7Research Institute of Metabolism and Inflammation, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
Copyright © 2024 Korean Endocrine Society
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
Conception or design: J.C., H.C.C., C.G.K., Y.R.Y., C.H.C. Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: J.C., H.C.C., O.H.R., H.J.K., C.G.K., Y.R.Y., C.H.C. Drafting the work or revising: J.C., O.H.R., C.G.K., C.H.C. Final approval of the manuscript: J.C., C.H.C.
Age, yr |
Number (fasting) |
Number (OGTT) |
BMI, kg/m2 |
Fasting glucose, mg/dL |
HbA1c, % |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male | Female | Total | Male | Female | Total | Male | Female | P value | Male | Female | P value | Male | Female | P value | |
20s (19–29) | 124 | 166 | 290 | 35 | 75 | 110 | 24.3 (22.3–25.9) | 21.2 (19.9–23.2) | <0.001a | 87 (82–91) | 83 (78–89) | <0.001a | 5.28 (5.15–5.44) | 5.20 (5.09–5.35) | 0.029a |
30s (30–39) | 89 | 93 | 182 | 18 | 41 | 59 | 25.2 (23.5–26.6) | 21.7 (20.1–23.9) | <0.001a | 91 (84–95) | 84 (79–89) | <0.001a | 5.34 (5.20–5.51) | 5.27 (5.10–5.34) | 0.001a |
40s (40–49) | 77 | 96 | 173 | 17 | 44 | 61 | 23.6 (22.4–25.3) | 22.3 (20.6–24.0) | 0.001a | 91 (86–96) | 86 (81–91) | <0.001a | 5.40 (5.25–5.51) | 5.35 (5.19–5.49) | 0.023a |
50s (50–59) | 75 | 102 | 177 | 15 | 47 | 62 | 24.3 (22.7–26.0) | 22.6 (21.1–24.3) | <0.001a | 91 (87–95) | 86 (80–91) | <0.001a | 5.45 (5.30–5.53) | 5.42 (5.28–5.52) | 0.213 |
60s (60–69) | 62 | 97 | 159 | 10 | 36 | 46 | 24.0 (22.8–25.5) | 23.4 (21.9–24.9) | 0.059 | 90 (84–96) | 89 (84–83) | 0.233 | 5.45 (5.28–5.58) | 5.49 (5.32–5.60) | 0.101 |
Over 70 (70 and above) | 40 | 29 | 69 | 7 | 10 | 17 | 23.1 (20.9–25.0) | 23.4 (20.4–25.8) | 0.734 | 91 (86–96) | 87 (82–81) | 0.025a | 5.50 (5.30–5.59) | 5.50 (5.37–5.60) | 0.603 |
Total | 467 | 583 | 1,050 | 102 | 253 | 355 | 24.2 (22.7–26.0) | 22.2 (20.5–24.1) | <0.001a | 90 (84–95) | 85 (80–91) | <0.001a | 5.39 (5.21–5.50) | 5.33 (5.17–5.50) | 0.009a |
Male |
Female |
P value |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean±2SD | U |
Percentile rangee |
Min–Max | Mean±2SD | U |
Percentile rangee |
Min–Max | Male vs. female | Subgroup | |||
2.5th–97.5th | 0.5th–99.5th | 2.5th–97.5th | 0.5th–99.5th | |||||||||
(A) Each age, yr | ||||||||||||
20s (19–29) | 1.41±0.91 | 0.42–2.40 | 0.68–2.46 | 0.51–2.61 | 0.51–2.61 | 1.30±0.77 | 0.43–2.16 | 0.70–2.16 | 0.60–2.22 | 0.59–2.23 | 0.016a | 0.144 (20s vs. 30s) |
30s (30–39) | 1.40±0.87 | 0.44–2.36 | 0.60–2.30 | 0.48–2.61 | 0.48–2.61 | 1.37±0.84 | 0.43–2.30 | 0.80–2.43 | 0.42–2.51 | 0.42–2.51 | 0.240 | <0.001 (30s vs. 40s) |
40s (40–49) | 1.33±0.81 | 0.42–2.23 | 0.77–2.32 | 0.54–2.45 | 0.54–2.45 | 1.10±0.67 | 0.32–1.88 | 0.59–1.93 | 0.51–2.13 | 0.51–2.13 | 0.007a | 0.568 (40s vs. 50s) |
50s (50–59) | 1.32±1.00 | 0.24–2.40 | 0.54–2.41 | 0.48–2.60 | 0.48–2.60 | 1.12±0.64 | 0.36–1.88 | 0.65–1.89 | 0.54–2.13 | 0.54–2.13 | 0.002a | 0.032 (50s vs. 60s) |
60s (60–69) | 1.18±0.74 | 0.34–2.02 | 0.64–2.11 | 0.60–2.15 | 0.60–2.15 | 1.10±0.63 | 0.35–1.85 | 0.64–2.11 | 0.50–1.95 | 0.50–1.95 | 0.362 | 0.673 (60s vs. over 70) |
Over 70 (70 and above) | 1.15±0.77 | 0.28–2.01 | 0.54–2.07 | 0.51–2.09 | 0.51–2.09 | 1.11±0.82 | 0.19–2.03 | 0.54–2.07 | 0.59–2.21 | 0.59–2.21 | 0.748 | |
(B) Adjacent age, yr | ||||||||||||
20–30s (19–39) | 1.41±0.89 | 0.43–2.38 | 0.63–2.44 | 0.49–2.61 | 0.48–2.61 | 1.32±0.79 | 0.43–2.21 | 0.71–2.17 | 0.52–2.50 | 0.42–2.51 | 0.007a | 0.007 (20–30s vs. 40–50s) |
40–50s (40–59) | 1.32±0.91 | 0.33–2.32 | 0.60–2.36 | 0.48–2.59 | 0.48–2.60 | 1.11±0.65 | 0.34–1.88 | 0.60–1.89 | 0.52–2.13 | 0.51–2.13 | <0.001a | <0.001 (40–50s vs. over 60) |
Over 60 (60 and above) | 1.17±0.74 | 0.32–2.01 | 0.60–2.09 | 0.51–2.15 | 0.51–2.15 | 1.10±0.68 | 0.31–1.89 | 0.59–1.94 | 0.50–2.21 | 0.50–2.21 | 0.396 | |
Total | 1.33±0.88 | 0.36–2.30 | 0.61–2.28 | 0.50–2.60 | 0.48–2.61 | 1.20±0.75 | 0.35–2.06 | 0.64–2.09 | 0.51–2.36 | 0.42–2.51 | <0.001a | |
Overall | 1.26±0.82 | 0.34–3.18 | 0.63–2.17 | 0.51–2.50 | 0.42–2.61 |
Age, yr |
Male |
Female |
P value (male vs. female) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean±2SD | U |
Percentile rangee |
Min–Max | Mean±2SD | U |
Percentile rangee |
Min–Max | ||||
2.5th–97.5th | 0.5th–99.5th | 2.5th–97.5th | 0.5th–99.5th | ||||||||
Post-30 minutes OGTT | |||||||||||
20–30s (19–39) | 5.08±4.20 | 0.86–9.30 | 2.28–10.68 | 2.10–10.94 | 2.10–10.94 | 5.03±3.57 | 1.44–8.63 | 2.25–9.25 | 2.12–10.36 | 2.12–10.36 | 0.755 |
40–50s (40–59) | 4.58±4.10 | 0.46–8.70 | 1.49–9.71 | 1.42–9.75 | 1.42–9.75 | 4.11±2.54 | 1.53–6.68 | 1.79–6.79 | 1.29–7.67 | 1.29–7.67 | 0.395 |
Over 60 (60 and above) | 4.97±4.04 | 0.91–9.04 | 2.35–8.75 | 2.31–8.95 | 2.31–8.95 | 4.82±3.49 | 1.30–8.33 | 2.21–9.18 | 2.04–9.34 | 2.04–9.34 | 0.771 |
Total | 4.90±4.12 | 0.76–9.05 | 2.09–10.24 | 1.42–10.94 | 1.42–10.94 | 4.67±3.33 | 1.32–8.02 | 2.12–8.94 | 1.54–10.33 | 1.29–10.36 | 0.162 |
Overall | 4.74±3.57 | 1.14–8.33 | 2.12–9.35 | 1.43–10.50 | 1.29–10.94 | ||||||
Post-120 minutes OGTT | |||||||||||
20–30s (19–39) | 4.41±3.27 | 1.12–7.71 | 1.87–7.59 | 1.37–7.75 | 1.37–7.75 | 5.26±3.68 | 1.55–8.96 | 2.65–9.67 | 2.28–10.05 | 2.28–10.05 | 0.002a |
40–50s (40–59) | 5.07±4.72 | 0.34–9.80 | 1.68–10.23 | 1.64–10.30 | 1.64–10.30 | 4.41±2.71 | 1.67–7.16 | 2.17–7.27 | 1.13–8.30 | 1.13–8.30 | 0.196 |
Over 60 (60 and above) | 4.64±3.51 | 1.11–8.17 | 1.92–8.60 | 1.89–8.69 | 1.89–8.69 | 5.15±3.80 | 1.33–8.98 | 2.44–9.69 | 2.30–10.11 | 2.30–10.11 | 0.177 |
Total | 4.66±3.82 | 0.81–8.50 | 1.86–9.17 | 1.37–10.30 | 1.37–10.30 | 4.93±3.46 | 1.45–8.42 | 2.39–9.14 | 1.59–10.07 | 1.13–10.11 | 0.062 |
Overall | 4.85±3.58 | 1.25–8.34 | 2.14–9.09 | 1.39–10.10 | 1.13–10.30 |
Fasting |
Post-OGTT 120 minutes |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean±2SD | 2.5th–97.5th percentile range | Min–Max | P value | Mean±2SD | 2.5th–97.5th percentile range | Min–Max | P value | |
BMI, kg/m2 | ||||||||
Normal (<23) | 1.17±0.81 | 0.59–2.09 | 0.42–3.45 | <0.001a | 5.05±3.77 | 2.25–9.72 | 0.87–13.18 | <0.001a |
Overweight (23–25) | 1.32±0.96 | 0.61–2.58 | 0.51–3.35 | 5.55±5.08 | 2.21–11.67 | 1.37–16.11 | ||
Obesity (≥25) | 1.63±1.18 | 0.82–3.18 | 0.58–3.98 | 5.96±4.87 | 2.26–11.38 | 1.64–13.25 | ||
Glucose level, mg/dL | ||||||||
Normal (<100) | 1.33±1.02 | 0.64–2.57 | 0.42–3.98 | <0.001a | 5.33±4.32 | 2.21–10.38 | 0.87–13.44 | <0.001a |
IFG (100–125) | 1.66±1.19 | 0.84–3.24 | 0.61–3.81 | 6.55±4.95 | 2.60–10.64 | 2.53–13.24 | ||
HbA1c, % | ||||||||
Normal (<5.70) | 1.32±0.98 | 0.64–2.46 | 0.42–3.98 | <0.001a | 5.26±4.30 | 2.20–10.39 | 0.87–13.97 | <0.001a |
Prediabetic (5.70–6.49) | 1.54±1.28 | 0.68–3.17 | 0.56–3.85 | 6.62±5.49 | 2.48–13.25 | 2.21–13.44 |