Nosocomial Transmission of SARS CoV-2 in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Peshawar, Pakistan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37762/jgmds.10-4.467Keywords:
COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Nosocomial infection, Frequency, Healthcare-associated infectionAbstract
Objective
The study aimed to determine the frequency of nosocomial transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) in a tertiary care hospital in Peshawar, Pakistan.
Methodology
This cross sectional, analytical study was carried out in Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan from 1st June 2021 to 31st August 2021. Consecutive patients aged 18 years and above admitted for conditions other than COVID-19 with a negative rapid antigen test for COVID-19 at admission were included. Patients with respiratory symptoms or those who were hospitalized for any reason in the preceding six weeks in any health care facility were excluded. The study protocol was completed by 90.9% of participants. The rapid antigen test was repeated for participants at the time of discharge or symptoms suggestive of COVID-19. Patients with a positive rapid antigen test for COVID-19 either at the time of discharge or symptom onset were considered to have acquired nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 infection. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21 for Windows was used for data analysis.
Results
The frequency of nosocomial transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was 2.7% (13/482). Patients with nosocomial COVID-19 stayed longer in the hospital than those who tested negative (7.5±4.0 versus 4.8±3.6 days; p=0.006). Age (p=0.796), gender (p=0.453), department of inpatient stay (p=0.943), major surgery (p=0.678), minor surgery (p=0.576), and visit to the radiology department (p=0.707) did not affect nosocomial spread of SARS-CoV-2.
Conclusion
Nosocomial transmission of COVID-19 was infrequent, accounting for 2.7% of participants in this study.
Downloads
Metrics
References
World Health Organization. Virtual press conference on COVID-19 – 11 March 2020. Published 2020. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/transcripts/who-audio-emergencies-coronavirus-press-conference-full-and-final-11mar2020.pdf (Accessed on 03/10/2021)
WHO. WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. https://covid19.who.int/(Accessed on 10/02/2022)
COVID Portal Pakistan. https://covid.gov.pk/(Accessed on 10/02/2022)
Noor M. COVID-19 Pandemic From Pakistan Perspective. Khyber J Med Sci. 2021;14(1):1-3. https://kjms.com.pk/index.php/kjms/article/view/270
Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, et al. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients with 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 2020;323:1061-1069. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.1585
Dilshad MA, Sarwar S, Aslam F, Shabbir A, Rasool S, Tayyab G un-N. Risk of Covid-19 infection during endoscopy: Efficacy of personal protective equipment (PPE) in protecting health professionals. Pakistan J Med Sci. 2021;37(4). doi:10.12669/pjms.37.4.4057
Ayyaz M, Butt UI, Umar M, Khan WH, Kashif MR, Hyidar Z. Effect of COVID-19 on the working of a tertiary care hospital. J Coll Physicians Surg Pakistan. 2020;30(10):S164-S167. doi:10.29271/jcpsp.2020.Supp2.S164
Public reluctant to visit hospitals during COVID-19 emergency: Poll. https://www.medicaldevice-network.com/news/people-reluctant-to-visit-hospitals-during-covid-19/(Accessed on 28/11/2021)
Rhee C, Baker M, Vaidya V, Tucker R, Resnick A, Morris CA, et al. Incidence of Nosocomial COVID-19 in Patients Hospitalized at a Large US Academic Medical Center. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):1-9. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.20498
Iacobucci G. Covid-19: Doctors sound alarm over hospital transmissions. BMJ. 2020;369. doi:10.1136/bmj.m2013
Rickman HM, Rampling T, Shaw K, Martinez-Garcia G, Hail L, Coen P, et al. Nosocomial Transmission of Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Retrospective Study of 66 Hospital-acquired Cases in a London Teaching Hospital. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;72(4):690-693. doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa816
PanbioTM COVID-19 Ag Rapid Test Device: In vitro diagnostic rapid test for qualitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigen (Ag). https://dam.abbott.com/en-gb/panbio/120007883-v1-Panbio-COVID-19-Ag-Nasal-AsymptomaticSe.pdf (Accessed on 28/11/2021)
Kannangara CI, Seetulsingh P, Foley J, Bennett G, Carter T. Investigation and management of an outbreak of COVID-19 infection in an acute admission unit in a District General Hospital: lessons learnt. Infect Prev Pract. 2021;3(3):100156. doi:10.1016/j.infpip.2021.100156
Taylor J, Rangaiah J, Narasimhan S, Clark J, Alexander Z, Manuel R, et al. Nosocomial COVID-19: experience from a large acute NHS Trust in South-West London. J Hosp Infect. 2020;106(3):621-625. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2020.08.018
Sánchez MD, Sánchez M, De La Morena JM, Ogaya-Pinies G, Mateo E, Moscatiello P, et al. Nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 infection in urology departments: Results of a prospective multicentric study. Int J Urol. 2021;28(1):62-67. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/iju.14402
Ridwan K, DeVarennes B, Tchervenkov C, Shum-Tim D, Cecere R, Lachapelle K. Postoperative Nosocomial COVID-19 Infection in Cardiac Surgery: An Uncommon Event With High Mortality Rate. CJC open. 2021;3(10):1217-1220. doi:10.1016/j.cjco.2021.05.017
Nizam A, Nimaroff ML, Menzin AW, Goldberg GL, Miyara SJ, Molmenti E. Nosocomial COVID-19 infection in women undergoing elective cesarean delivery: a prospective cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM. 2021;4(1):100490. doi:10.1016/j.ajogmf.2021.100490
Wake RM, Morgan M, Choi J, Winn S. Reducing nosocomial transmission of COVID-19: implementation of a COVID-19 triage system. Clin Med. 2020;20(5):e141-e145. doi:10.7861/clinmed.2020-0411
Jewkes S V, Zhang Y, Nicholl DJ. Nosocomial spread of COVID-19: lessons learned from an audit on a stroke/neurology ward in a UK district general hospital. Clin Med. 2020;20(5):e173-e177. doi:10.7861/clinmed.2020-0422
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Afsheen Mahmood, Fawad Rahim, Said Amin, Mohammad Noor, Huma Gul, Muhammad Yasir Khan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
