Kajian Pustaka Sintesis Nanoselulosa dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit sebagai Filler Pembuatan Tisu Toilet
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Abstract
Tisu merupakan salah satu jenis kertas yang terbuat dari serat kayu. Peningkatan kebutuhan tisu di masyarakat meningkatkan penebangan pohon. Tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) merupakan limbah dari kelapa sawit yang mengandung selulosa tinggi dan memiliki potensi untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai filler dalam pembuatan tisu. Penelaahan kajian pustaka ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui potensi pemanfaatan nanoselulosa TKKS sebagai filler pembuatan tisu toilet. Sesuai persyaratan, bahan untuk tisu diharapkan mempunyai kandungan selulosa 70 %. Perhitungan kadar selulosa optimum dengan delignifikasi ditentukan dari regresi linear menggunakan software SPSS Statistics 25. Rancangan variabel proses menggunakan software Minitab 19. Metode perancangan yang digunakan dalam percobaan adalah placket burman. Hasil delignifikasi optimum didapatkan pada suhu 150-160°C, NaOH 15-17,5%, dan waktu 20-40 menit. Ukuran diameter nanoselulosa terkecil sebesar 5-10 nm, didapatkan dengan proses hidrolisis asam menggunakan H2SO4 30% pada suhu 60°C selama 120 menit. Nanoselulosa dapat digunakan sebagai filler dalam pembuatan tisu toilet, karena dapat menghasilkan rongga yang dapat menyerap molekul air dan meningkatkan kekuatan lapisan kertas.
Tissue is a type of paper, made from wood fibers. The elevation of tissue necessity in the society will rise the trees logging. Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) is waste from oil palm mill which contains high cellulose and has a lot of potential to be used, one of that is as a filler in the manufacture of tissue. The literature review was conducted to determine the potential utilization of cellulose in OPEFB as a filler in the manufacture of toilet paper. According to the requirements, the material for tissue is expected to have a cellulose content of 70%. Estimation of optimum cellulose content with delignification was determined by linear regression using SPSS Statistics 25 software. The optimum delignification results were obtained at a temperature of 150-1600C, NaOH 15-17.5%, and 20-40 minutes. The lowest diameter of nanocellulose is 5-10 nm, obtained by acid hydrolysis using 30% H2SO4 at 600C for 120 minutes. The nanocellulose is used as a filler in the manufacture of toilet paper, because it can produce holes that can absorb water molecules and increase the strength of the paper layer.
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