Research Article
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Dispersion model of NOx emissions from a liquefied natural gas facility

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 212 - 222, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1417201

Abstract

Natural gas used widely in terms of energy production. Energy production is among the most prominent sectors of humankind. Combustion processes inevitably produces air pollutants. The major pollutant during a combustion process is nitrogen oxide emissions. The term of nitrogen oxides primarily include nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide. These pollutants are generated regardless of the fuel content since air composition itself is the major source for these pollutants. It is possible to calculate emissions through the activity data and emission factors. Calculation of emissions is not enough for an environmental assessment. The impact of pollutants on human health relies on their concentration in the atmosphere. In order to determine their concentrations several modelling practices are developed. In this study, AERMOD used for modelling purpose of NOx emissions from a liquefied natural gas facility. It was observed that the pollutants were dispersed mostly towards south-southwest of the facility, where Marmaraereğlisi district is located. Although the pollutants transported directly to the settlement, the concentrations remained limited. During operation conditions, the highest daily NOx concentration was 1.7 μg/m3 and the highest annual concentration was 0.1 μg/m3. At maximum operating conditions, the highest daily NOx concentration was 16.2 μg/m3 and the highest annual concentration was 2.5 μg/m3. At minimum operating conditions, the highest daily NOx concentration was 1.1 μg/m3 and the highest annual concentration was 0.2 μg/m3.

References

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  • K. E. Kakosimos, M. J. Assael, J. S. Lioumbas, and A. S. Spiridis, "Atmospheric dispersion modelling of the fugitive particulate matter from overburden dumps with numerical and integral models", Atmospheric Pollution Research, Vol. 2, pp. 24–33, 2011. [CrossRef]
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  • F. Atabi, F. Jafarigol, F. Moattar, and J. Nouri, “Comparison of AERMOD and CALPUFF models for simulating SO2 concentrations in a gas refinery,” Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Vol. 188(9), Article 516, 2016. [CrossRef]
  • V. S. V. Botlaguduru, “Comparison of Aermod and ISCST3 Models For Particulate Emissions From Ground Level Sources,” Master dissertation, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 2009.
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  • M. Anderson, K. Salo, and E. Fridell, “Particle- and Gaseous Emissions from an LNG Powered Ship”, Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 49(20), pp. 12568-12575, 2015. [CrossRef]
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  • A. ul Haq, Q. Nadeem, A. Farooq, N. Irfan, M. Ahmad, and M. R. Ali, “Assessment of AERMOD modeling system for application in complex terrain in Pakistan,” Atmospheric Pollution Research, Vol. 10, pp. 1492-1497, 2019. [CrossRef]
  • Sanayi Kaynaklı Hava Kirliliğinin Kontrolü Yönetmeliği, Resmi Gazete, 29211. Available at: Dec 20, 2014. (Turkish legislation)
  • European Directive. “Directive 2008/50/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2008 on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe.”, Directive 2008/50/EC, air quality, 2008.
  • S. A. Abdul-Wahab, “Monitoring of air pollution in the atmosphere around oman liquid natural gas (OLNG) plant,” Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Vol. 40(3), pp. 559-570, 2005. [CrossRef]
  • S. A. Abdul-Wahab, S. O. Fadlallah, M. Al-Riyami, M. Al-Souti, and I. Osman, “A study of the effects of CO, NO2, and PM10 emissions from the Oman Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) plant on ambient air quality,” Air Quality, Atmosphere and Health, Vol. 13, pp. 1235–1245, 2020. [CrossRef]
  • P. N. Ede, D. O. Edokpa, and O. Ayodeji, “Aspects of air quality status of bonny island, Nigeria attributed to an LNG plant,” Energy and Environment, Vol. 22, pp. 891-909, 2011. [CrossRef]
  • A. Ekmekçioğlu, S. L. Kuzu, K. Ünlügençoğlu, and U. B. Çelebi, “Assessment of shipping emission factors through monitoring and modelling studies,” Science of the Total Environment, Article 140742, 2020. [CrossRef]
  • S. L.Kuzu, L. Bilgili, and A. Kılıç, “Estimation and dispersion analysis of shipping emissions in Bandirma Port, Turkey,” Environment, Development and Sustainability, Vol. 23, pp. 10288-10308, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • S. L. Kuzu, “Estimation and dispersion modeling of landing and take-off (LTO) cycle emissions from Atatürk International Airport,” Air Quality Atmosphere and Health, Vol. 11, pp. 153-161, 2018. [CrossRef]
Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 212 - 222, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1417201

Abstract

References

  • A. Daly, and P. Zannetti, “Air pollution modeling–An overview,” in Ambient air pollution P. Zannetti, D. Al-Ajmi, and S. Al-Rashied, The Arab School for Science and Technology (ASST) and The EnviroComp Institute, 2007, pp. 15-28.
  • S. Golgiyaz, M. Daskin, C. Onat, M.F. Talu, “An artificial intelligence regression model for prediction of nox emission from flame image,” Journal of Soft Computing and Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 3, pp. 93-101, 2022. [CrossRef]
  • S. Golgiyaz, M.F. Talu, M. Daskin, and C. Onat, “Estimation of excess air coefficient on coal combustion processes via gauss model and artificial neural network,” Alexandria Engineering Journal, Vol. 61, pp. 1079-1089, 2022. [CrossRef]
  • K. E. Kakosimos, M. J. Assael, J. S. Lioumbas, and A. S. Spiridis, "Atmospheric dispersion modelling of the fugitive particulate matter from overburden dumps with numerical and integral models", Atmospheric Pollution Research, Vol. 2, pp. 24–33, 2011. [CrossRef]
  • US EPA (2018). User’s Guide for the AMS/EPA Regulatory Model (AERMOD), US Environmental Protection Agency, EPA-454/B-18-001, RTP, NC.
  • R. J. Paine, R. F. Lee, R. W. Brode, R. Wilson, A. J. Cimorelli, S. G. Perry, J. C. Weil, A. Venkatram, and P. Peters, (1999). “AERMOD: MODEL FORMULATION AND EVALUATION RESULTS”, Proceedings of the 92nd Annual Meeting of the Air & Waste Management Association, St. Louis, MO, June 20-24, 1999.
  • S. G. Perry, A. J. Cimorelli, R. J. Paine, R. W. Brode, J. C. Weil, A. Venkatram, R. B. Wilson, R. F. Lee, and W. D. Peters, “AERMOD: A dispersion model for industrial source applications. part ii: model performance against 17 field study databases,” Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 44(5), pp. 694-708, 2005. [CrossRef]
  • A. J. Cimorelli, S. G. Perry, A. Venkatram, J. C. Weil, R. Paine, R. B. Wilson, R. F. Lee, W. D. Peters, R. and W. Brode, (2005). “AERMOD: A dispersion model for industrial source applications. part i: general model formulation and boundary layer characterization,” Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 44(5), pp. 682-693, 2005. [CrossRef]
  • S. R. Hanna, B. A. Egan, J. Purdum, and J. Wagler, “Evaluation of the ADMS, AERMOD, and ISC3 dispersion models with the OPTEX, Duke Forest, Kincaid, Indianapolis and Lovett field datasets,” International Journal of Environment and Pollution, Vol. 16(1-6), pp. 301-314, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • K. C. Silverman, J. G. Tell, E. V. Sargent, and Z. Qiu, “Comparison of the industrial source complex and aermod dispersion models: case study for human health risk assessment,” Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, Vol. 57(12), pp. 1439-1446, 2007. [CrossRef]
  • L. Wang, D. Parker, C. Parnell, R. Lacey, and B. Shaw, “Comparison of CALPUFF and ISCST3 models for predicting downwind odor and source emission rates,” Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 40(25), pp. 4663–4669, 2006. [CrossRef]
  • F. Atabi, F. Jafarigol, F. Moattar, and J. Nouri, “Comparison of AERMOD and CALPUFF models for simulating SO2 concentrations in a gas refinery,” Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Vol. 188(9), Article 516, 2016. [CrossRef]
  • V. S. V. Botlaguduru, “Comparison of Aermod and ISCST3 Models For Particulate Emissions From Ground Level Sources,” Master dissertation, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 2009.
  • Y. Afon, and D. Ervin, “An assessment of air emissions from liquefied natural gas ships using different power systems and different fuels”, Journal of The Air & Waste Management Association, Vol. 58, pp. 404-411, 2008. [CrossRef]
  • M. Anderson, K. Salo, and E. Fridell, “Particle- and Gaseous Emissions from an LNG Powered Ship”, Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 49(20), pp. 12568-12575, 2015. [CrossRef]
  • S. A. Abdul-Wahab, S. O. Fadlallah, M. Al-Riyami, and I. Osman, “A study of the effects of CO, NO2, and PM10 emissions from the Oman Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) plant on ambient air quality,” Air Quality, Atmosphere, and Health, Vol. 13, pp. 1235-1245, 2020. [CrossRef]
  • A. ul Haq, Q. Nadeem, A. Farooq, N. Irfan, M. Ahmad, and M. R. Ali, “Assessment of AERMOD modeling system for application in complex terrain in Pakistan,” Atmospheric Pollution Research, Vol. 10, pp. 1492-1497, 2019. [CrossRef]
  • Sanayi Kaynaklı Hava Kirliliğinin Kontrolü Yönetmeliği, Resmi Gazete, 29211. Available at: Dec 20, 2014. (Turkish legislation)
  • European Directive. “Directive 2008/50/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2008 on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe.”, Directive 2008/50/EC, air quality, 2008.
  • S. A. Abdul-Wahab, “Monitoring of air pollution in the atmosphere around oman liquid natural gas (OLNG) plant,” Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Vol. 40(3), pp. 559-570, 2005. [CrossRef]
  • S. A. Abdul-Wahab, S. O. Fadlallah, M. Al-Riyami, M. Al-Souti, and I. Osman, “A study of the effects of CO, NO2, and PM10 emissions from the Oman Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) plant on ambient air quality,” Air Quality, Atmosphere and Health, Vol. 13, pp. 1235–1245, 2020. [CrossRef]
  • P. N. Ede, D. O. Edokpa, and O. Ayodeji, “Aspects of air quality status of bonny island, Nigeria attributed to an LNG plant,” Energy and Environment, Vol. 22, pp. 891-909, 2011. [CrossRef]
  • A. Ekmekçioğlu, S. L. Kuzu, K. Ünlügençoğlu, and U. B. Çelebi, “Assessment of shipping emission factors through monitoring and modelling studies,” Science of the Total Environment, Article 140742, 2020. [CrossRef]
  • S. L.Kuzu, L. Bilgili, and A. Kılıç, “Estimation and dispersion analysis of shipping emissions in Bandirma Port, Turkey,” Environment, Development and Sustainability, Vol. 23, pp. 10288-10308, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • S. L. Kuzu, “Estimation and dispersion modeling of landing and take-off (LTO) cycle emissions from Atatürk International Airport,” Air Quality Atmosphere and Health, Vol. 11, pp. 153-161, 2018. [CrossRef]
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Air Pollution Processes and Air Quality Measurement
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

İlker Türkyılmaz This is me 0009-0004-6506-5531

S. Levent Kuzu 0000-0002-2251-3400

Early Pub Date May 9, 2024
Publication Date June 30, 2024
Submission Date January 9, 2024
Acceptance Date February 27, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Türkyılmaz, İ., & Kuzu, S. L. (2024). Dispersion model of NOx emissions from a liquefied natural gas facility. Environmental Research and Technology, 7(2), 212-222. https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1417201
AMA Türkyılmaz İ, Kuzu SL. Dispersion model of NOx emissions from a liquefied natural gas facility. ERT. June 2024;7(2):212-222. doi:10.35208/ert.1417201
Chicago Türkyılmaz, İlker, and S. Levent Kuzu. “Dispersion Model of NOx Emissions from a Liquefied Natural Gas Facility”. Environmental Research and Technology 7, no. 2 (June 2024): 212-22. https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1417201.
EndNote Türkyılmaz İ, Kuzu SL (June 1, 2024) Dispersion model of NOx emissions from a liquefied natural gas facility. Environmental Research and Technology 7 2 212–222.
IEEE İ. Türkyılmaz and S. L. Kuzu, “Dispersion model of NOx emissions from a liquefied natural gas facility”, ERT, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 212–222, 2024, doi: 10.35208/ert.1417201.
ISNAD Türkyılmaz, İlker - Kuzu, S. Levent. “Dispersion Model of NOx Emissions from a Liquefied Natural Gas Facility”. Environmental Research and Technology 7/2 (June 2024), 212-222. https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1417201.
JAMA Türkyılmaz İ, Kuzu SL. Dispersion model of NOx emissions from a liquefied natural gas facility. ERT. 2024;7:212–222.
MLA Türkyılmaz, İlker and S. Levent Kuzu. “Dispersion Model of NOx Emissions from a Liquefied Natural Gas Facility”. Environmental Research and Technology, vol. 7, no. 2, 2024, pp. 212-2, doi:10.35208/ert.1417201.
Vancouver Türkyılmaz İ, Kuzu SL. Dispersion model of NOx emissions from a liquefied natural gas facility. ERT. 2024;7(2):212-2.