Treatment of citrus juice process wastewater with UASB and biogas production

Sevgi Güneş Durak; Seren Acarer; Güler Türkoğlu Demirkol

doi:10.35208/ert.1232198

Conference Paper

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 68 - 77, 31.03.2023

Sevgi Güneş Durak Seren Acarer Güler Türkoğlu Demirkol

https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1232198

Abstract

References

E. Akdağ, “Turkey Fruit Juice etc. Products Industry Report”, İstanbul, 2011.
D. A. Zema, P. S. Calabro, A. Folino, V. Tamburino, G. Zappia, and S. M. Zimbone, “Wastewater Management in Citrus Processing Industries: An Overview of Advantages and Limits”, Water 2019, Vol. 11 (12), pp. 2481–2481, 2019.
S. Güneş-Durak, T. Ormancı-Acar, and N. Tüfekci, “Effect of PVP content and polymer concentration on polyetherimide (PEI) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based ultrafiltration membrane fabrication and characterization”, Water Science and Technology, Vol. 2017 (2), pp. 329–339, 2018.
H. Elif, G. Akbay, C. Akarsu, and H. Kumbur, “Treatment of fruit juice concentrate wastewater by electrocoagulation: Optimization of COD removal”, International Advanced Researches and Engineering Journal, Vol. 2 (01), pp. 53–057, 2018.
M. Garg, “Treatment and Recycling of Wastewater from Beverages/The Soft Drink Bottling Industry”, Springer, Singapore, pp. 333–361, 2019.
K. Özdemir, “Meyvesuyu fabrikası atıksularının elektrokimyasal olarak arıtılması, Ulusal Tez ve Araştırma Merkezi - Akademik Tezler ve Araştırmalar”, 2005.
J. Ángel Siles López, Q. Li, and I. P. Thompson, “Biorefinery of waste orange peel”, Vol. 30 (1), pp. 63–69, 2010.
R. J. TeKippe, “Treatment and Disposal of Citrus Fruit Processing Wastes”, Journal (Water Pollution Control Federation), Vol. 44 (10), pp. 2001–2012, 1972.
L. K. Wang, N. K. Shammas, and Y.-T. Hung, “Advanced Biological Treatment Processes”, Advanced Biological Treatment Processes, 2009.
M. A. Musa, S. Idrus, C. M. Hasfalina, and N. N. N. Daud, “Effect of organic loading rate on anaerobic digestion performance of mesophilic (UASB) reactor using cattle slaughterhouse wastewater as substrate”, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2018.
T. Nandy, S. Shastry, and S. N. Kaul, “Wastewater management in a cane molasses distillery involving bioresource recovery”, Journal of Environmental Management, Vol. 65 (1), pp. 25–38, 2002.
M. A. Latif, R. Ghufran, Z. A. Wahid, and A. Ahmad, “Integrated application of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor for the treatment of wastewaters”, Water Research, Vol. 45 (16), pp. 4683–4699, 2011.
M. Mainardis, M. Buttazzoni, and D. Goi, “Up-Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) Technology for Energy Recovery: A Review on State-of-the-Art and Recent Technological Advances”, Bioengineering, Vol. 7 (2), pp. 43–43, 2020.
M. H. Dougherty, “Activated Sludge Treatment of Citrus Waste”, Journal (Water Pollution Control Federation), Vol. 36 (1), pp. 72–79, 1964.
M. H. Dougherty, R. W. Wolford, and R. R. Mcnary, “Citrus Waste Water Treatment of Activated Sludge”, Vol. 27 (7), pp. 821–826, 1955.
R. R. McNary, R. W. Wolford, and M. H. Dougherty, “Pilot Plant Treatment of Citrus Waste Water by Activated Sludge”, Sewage and Industrial Wastes, Vol. 28 (7), pp. 894–905, 1956.
M. Elnekave, S. Ö. Celik, M. Tatlier, and N. Tufekci, “Artificial Neural Network Predictions of Up-Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) Reactor Performance in the Treatment of Citrus Juice Wastewater”, Pol. J. Environ. Stud., Vol. 21 (1), pp. 49–56, 2012.
M. P. Jiménez-Castro, L. S. Buller, A. Zoffreo, M. T. Timko, and T. Forster-Carneiro, “Two-stage anaerobic digestion of orange peel without pre-treatment: Experimental evaluation and application to São Paulo state”, Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, Vol. 8 (4), pp. 104035–104035, 2020.
Lukitawesa, R. Wikandari, R. Millati, M. J. Taherzadeh, and C. Niklasson, “Effect of effluent recirculation on biogas production using two-stage anaerobic digestion of citrus waste”, Vol. 23 (12), pp. 3380–3380, 2018.
M. de los Á. M. Santos, J. Á. S. López, A. F. C. Pérez, and A. M. Martín, “Modelling the anaerobic digestion of wastewater derived from the pressing of orange peel produced in orange juice manufacturing”, Bioresource Technology, Vol. 101 (11), pp. 3909–3916, 2010.
A. Koppar and P. Pullammanappallil, “Anaerobic digestion of peel waste and wastewater for on site energy generation in a citrus processing facility”, Energy, Vol. 60, pp. 62–68, 2013.
E. S. Rosas-Mendoza, J. M. Méndez-Contreras, A. Martínez-Sibaja, N. A. Vallejo-Cantú, and A. Alvarado-Lassman, “Anaerobic digestion of citrus industry effluents using an Anaerobic Hybrid Reactor”, Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, Vol. 20 (7), pp. 1387–1397, 2018.
L. D. M. Torquato, R. Pachiega, M. S. Crespi, M. G. Nespeca, J. E. de Oliveira, and S. I. Maintinguer, “Potential of biohydrogen production from effluents of citrus processing industry using anaerobic bacteria from sewage sludge”, Waste Management, Vol. 59, pp. 181–193, 2017.
B. C. G. Rodrigues, B. S. de Mello, B. F. da Silva, E. Pozzi, P. C. F. de Lima Gomes, and A. Sarti, “Limonene removal using a horizontal-flow anaerobic immobilized biomass bioreactor”, Journal of Water Process Engineering, Vol. 43, pp. 102225–102225, 2021.
B. Eryildiz, Lukitawesa, and M. J. Taherzadeh, “Effect of pH, substrate loading, oxygen, and methanogens inhibitors on volatile fatty acid (VFA) production from citrus waste by anaerobic digestion”, Bioresource Technology, Vol. 302, pp. 122800–122800, 2020.
W. D. Machado, M. N. Russo, C. F. Molina, E. A. Quaia, and L. A. N. Recio, “Granulation of dispersed anaerobic sludges fed with lemon industry effluent”, Rev. Ind. y Agríc. de Tucumán Tomo, Vol. 96 (1), pp. 55–63, 2019.
ISO 15705:2002, “Water quality — Determination of the chemical oxygen demand index (ST-COD) — Small-scale sealed-tube method”, 2002.
USEPA, “Method 410.4, Revision 2.0: The Determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand by Semi-Automated Colorimetry”, 1993.
APHA, AWWA, and WEF, “Standard method 6232B. Trihalomethanes and chlorinated organic solvents: liquidliquid extraction gas chromatographic method”, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, (6000), pp. 40, 46–40, 46, 1998.
G. K. Anderson and G. Yang, “Determination of Bicarbonate and Total Volatile Acid Concentration in Anaerobic Digesters Using a Simple Titration on JSTOR”, Water Environment Research, Vol. 64 (1), pp. 53–59, 1992.
A. D. Eaton, L. S. Clesceri, and A. E. Greenberg, Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 19th ed. Supplement. Washington, D.C.: American Public Health Association; American Water Works Association; Water Environment Federation, 1995.
S. Alcaraz-Ibarra, M. A. Mier-Quiroga, M. Esparza-Soto, M. Lucero-Chávez, and C. Fall, “Treatment of chocolate-processing industry wastewater in a low-temperature pilot-scale UASB: Reactor performance and in-situ biogas use for bioenergy recovery”, Biomass and Bioenergy, Vol. 142, pp. 105786–105786, 2020.
K. Wang, “Integrated anaerobic and aerobic treatment of sewage”, Environmental Technology, WIMEK 1994.
A. Torkian, A. Eqbali, and S. J. Hashemian, “The effect of organic loading rate on the performance of UASB reactor treating slaughterhouse effluent”, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, Vol. 40 (1), pp. 1–11, 2003.
N. Mahmoud, G. Zeeman, H. Gijzen, and G. Lettinga, “Solids removal in upflow anaerobic reactors, a review”, Bioresource Technology, Vol. 90 (1), pp. 1–9, 2003.
V. Del Nery, I. R. De Nardi, M. H. R. Z. Damianovic, E. Pozzi, A. K. B. Amorim, and M. Zaiat, “Long-term operating performance of a poultry slaughterhouse wastewater treatment plant”, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, Vol. 50 (1), pp. 102–114, 2007.
H. Hajiabadi, M. R. A. Moghaddam, and S. H. Hashemi, “Effect of sludge retention time on treating high load synthetic wastewater using aerobic sequencing batch reactors”, Iranian Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering, Vol. 6 (4), pp. 217–222, 2009.
R. Gökçe, Y. Çinçin, and O. N. Ağdağ, “Besi çiftliği atıksularının anaerobik/aerobik yöntemlerle arıtılabilirliği”, Vol. 25 (8), pp. 922–928, 2019.
R. Borja and C. J. Banks, “Response of an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor treating ice-cream wastewater to organic, hydraulic, temperature and pH shocks”, Journal of Biotechnology, Vol. 39 (3), pp. 251–259, 1995.
G. Zeeman and G. Lettinga, “The role of anaerobic digestion of domestic sewage in closing the water and nutrient cycle at community level”, Water Science and Technology, Vol. 39 (5), pp. 187–194, 1999.
R. F. Gonçalves, “Primary fermentation of soluble and particulate organic matter for wastewater treatment PDF”, Water Science and Technology, Vol. 30 (6), pp. 53–62, 1996.
L. Metcalf, H. P. Eddy, and G. Tchobanoglous, Wastewater energy: treatment and reuse. McGraw-Hill, 2004.
W. M. Wiegant, “Experiences and potential of anaerobic wastewater treatment in tropical regions”, Water Science and Technology, Vol. 44 (8), pp. 107–113, 2001.
H. Rizvi, N. Ahmad, F. Abbas, I. H. Bukhari, A. Yasar, S. Ali, T. Yasmeen, and M. Riaz, “Start-up of UASB reactors treating municipal wastewater and effect of temperature/sludge age and hydraulic retention time (HRT) on its performance”, Arabian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 8 (6), pp. 780–786, 2015.
M. R. Peña, D. D. Mara, and G. P. Avella, “Dispersion and treatment performance analysis of an UASB reactor under different hydraulic loading rates”, Water Research, Vol. 40 (3), pp. 445–452, 2006.
H. H. P. Fang and H. Q. Yu, “Effect of HRT on Mesophilic Acidogenesis of Dairy Wastewater”, Journal of Environmental Engineering, Vol. 126 (12), pp. 1145–1148, 2000.
M. Hernández and M. Rodríguez, “Hydrogen production by anaerobic digestion of pig manure: Effect of operating conditions”, Renewable Energy, Vol. 53, pp. 187–192, 2013.
W. Qiao, X. Yan, J. Ye, Y. Sun, W. Wang, and Z. Zhang, “Evaluation of biogas production from different biomass wastes with/without hydrothermal pretreatment”, Renewable Energy, Vol. 36 (12), pp. 3313–3318, 2011.
S. Zerrouki, R. Rihani, F. Bentahar, and K. Belkacemi, “Anaerobic digestion of wastewater from the fruit juice industry: experiments and modeling”, Water Science and Technology, Vol. 72 (1), pp. 123–134, 2015.
S. Zerrouki, R. Rihani, K. Lekikot, and I. Ramdhane, “Enhanced biogas production from anaerobic digestion of wastewater from the fruit juice industry by sonolysis: experiments and modelling”, Water Science and Technology, Vol. 84 (3), pp. 644–655, 2021.
O. I. Maile, H. Tesfagiorgis, and E. Muzenda, “The potency of monoethanolamine in biogas purification and upgrading”, 2017.

Treatment of citrus juice process wastewater with UASB and biogas production

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 68 - 77, 31.03.2023

Sevgi Güneş Durak Seren Acarer Güler Türkoğlu Demirkol

https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1232198

Abstract

A lab-scale up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor was used for biogas production from the citrus juice process wastewater (CPWW). The volume of the reactor was 11.5 L. During 200 days of the reactor, the organic loading rate (OLR) value changed from 1.8-21.9 kgCOD./m3.d, upflow velocities (Vup) 0.1-5.2 m/h and hydraulic retention time (HRT) changed from 0.042 to 4.16 days. The reactor showed a stable performance at all organic loadings. Experimental chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies were 71.5 ± 21% and 83.3 ± 16.3% for total COD (TCOD) and soluble COD (SCOD), respectively. The acetic acid concentration changed from 135 to 650 mg/L. The temperature was kept in the range of 35.1 ± 1.4 oC, the pH in the range of 6.6 ± 0.2, and the alkalinity was controlled daily and kept in the range of 411 ± 273 CaCO3 mg/L. After anaerobic reactions, 6283 ± 3476 m3/d biogas was produced and the methane concentration in the biogas was 65.5 ± 11.5%. Depending on the methane production, the annual energy value potential that can be obtained from the existing UASB reactor is estimated as 48,768 kWh.

Keywords

Biogas, citrus juice process wastewater, COD, methane, organic loading rate, UASB reactor

References

E. Akdağ, “Turkey Fruit Juice etc. Products Industry Report”, İstanbul, 2011.
D. A. Zema, P. S. Calabro, A. Folino, V. Tamburino, G. Zappia, and S. M. Zimbone, “Wastewater Management in Citrus Processing Industries: An Overview of Advantages and Limits”, Water 2019, Vol. 11 (12), pp. 2481–2481, 2019.
S. Güneş-Durak, T. Ormancı-Acar, and N. Tüfekci, “Effect of PVP content and polymer concentration on polyetherimide (PEI) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based ultrafiltration membrane fabrication and characterization”, Water Science and Technology, Vol. 2017 (2), pp. 329–339, 2018.
H. Elif, G. Akbay, C. Akarsu, and H. Kumbur, “Treatment of fruit juice concentrate wastewater by electrocoagulation: Optimization of COD removal”, International Advanced Researches and Engineering Journal, Vol. 2 (01), pp. 53–057, 2018.
M. Garg, “Treatment and Recycling of Wastewater from Beverages/The Soft Drink Bottling Industry”, Springer, Singapore, pp. 333–361, 2019.
K. Özdemir, “Meyvesuyu fabrikası atıksularının elektrokimyasal olarak arıtılması, Ulusal Tez ve Araştırma Merkezi - Akademik Tezler ve Araştırmalar”, 2005.
J. Ángel Siles López, Q. Li, and I. P. Thompson, “Biorefinery of waste orange peel”, Vol. 30 (1), pp. 63–69, 2010.
R. J. TeKippe, “Treatment and Disposal of Citrus Fruit Processing Wastes”, Journal (Water Pollution Control Federation), Vol. 44 (10), pp. 2001–2012, 1972.
L. K. Wang, N. K. Shammas, and Y.-T. Hung, “Advanced Biological Treatment Processes”, Advanced Biological Treatment Processes, 2009.
M. A. Musa, S. Idrus, C. M. Hasfalina, and N. N. N. Daud, “Effect of organic loading rate on anaerobic digestion performance of mesophilic (UASB) reactor using cattle slaughterhouse wastewater as substrate”, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2018.
T. Nandy, S. Shastry, and S. N. Kaul, “Wastewater management in a cane molasses distillery involving bioresource recovery”, Journal of Environmental Management, Vol. 65 (1), pp. 25–38, 2002.
M. A. Latif, R. Ghufran, Z. A. Wahid, and A. Ahmad, “Integrated application of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor for the treatment of wastewaters”, Water Research, Vol. 45 (16), pp. 4683–4699, 2011.
M. Mainardis, M. Buttazzoni, and D. Goi, “Up-Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) Technology for Energy Recovery: A Review on State-of-the-Art and Recent Technological Advances”, Bioengineering, Vol. 7 (2), pp. 43–43, 2020.
M. H. Dougherty, “Activated Sludge Treatment of Citrus Waste”, Journal (Water Pollution Control Federation), Vol. 36 (1), pp. 72–79, 1964.
M. H. Dougherty, R. W. Wolford, and R. R. Mcnary, “Citrus Waste Water Treatment of Activated Sludge”, Vol. 27 (7), pp. 821–826, 1955.
R. R. McNary, R. W. Wolford, and M. H. Dougherty, “Pilot Plant Treatment of Citrus Waste Water by Activated Sludge”, Sewage and Industrial Wastes, Vol. 28 (7), pp. 894–905, 1956.
M. Elnekave, S. Ö. Celik, M. Tatlier, and N. Tufekci, “Artificial Neural Network Predictions of Up-Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) Reactor Performance in the Treatment of Citrus Juice Wastewater”, Pol. J. Environ. Stud., Vol. 21 (1), pp. 49–56, 2012.
M. P. Jiménez-Castro, L. S. Buller, A. Zoffreo, M. T. Timko, and T. Forster-Carneiro, “Two-stage anaerobic digestion of orange peel without pre-treatment: Experimental evaluation and application to São Paulo state”, Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, Vol. 8 (4), pp. 104035–104035, 2020.
Lukitawesa, R. Wikandari, R. Millati, M. J. Taherzadeh, and C. Niklasson, “Effect of effluent recirculation on biogas production using two-stage anaerobic digestion of citrus waste”, Vol. 23 (12), pp. 3380–3380, 2018.
M. de los Á. M. Santos, J. Á. S. López, A. F. C. Pérez, and A. M. Martín, “Modelling the anaerobic digestion of wastewater derived from the pressing of orange peel produced in orange juice manufacturing”, Bioresource Technology, Vol. 101 (11), pp. 3909–3916, 2010.
A. Koppar and P. Pullammanappallil, “Anaerobic digestion of peel waste and wastewater for on site energy generation in a citrus processing facility”, Energy, Vol. 60, pp. 62–68, 2013.
E. S. Rosas-Mendoza, J. M. Méndez-Contreras, A. Martínez-Sibaja, N. A. Vallejo-Cantú, and A. Alvarado-Lassman, “Anaerobic digestion of citrus industry effluents using an Anaerobic Hybrid Reactor”, Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, Vol. 20 (7), pp. 1387–1397, 2018.
L. D. M. Torquato, R. Pachiega, M. S. Crespi, M. G. Nespeca, J. E. de Oliveira, and S. I. Maintinguer, “Potential of biohydrogen production from effluents of citrus processing industry using anaerobic bacteria from sewage sludge”, Waste Management, Vol. 59, pp. 181–193, 2017.
B. C. G. Rodrigues, B. S. de Mello, B. F. da Silva, E. Pozzi, P. C. F. de Lima Gomes, and A. Sarti, “Limonene removal using a horizontal-flow anaerobic immobilized biomass bioreactor”, Journal of Water Process Engineering, Vol. 43, pp. 102225–102225, 2021.
B. Eryildiz, Lukitawesa, and M. J. Taherzadeh, “Effect of pH, substrate loading, oxygen, and methanogens inhibitors on volatile fatty acid (VFA) production from citrus waste by anaerobic digestion”, Bioresource Technology, Vol. 302, pp. 122800–122800, 2020.
W. D. Machado, M. N. Russo, C. F. Molina, E. A. Quaia, and L. A. N. Recio, “Granulation of dispersed anaerobic sludges fed with lemon industry effluent”, Rev. Ind. y Agríc. de Tucumán Tomo, Vol. 96 (1), pp. 55–63, 2019.
ISO 15705:2002, “Water quality — Determination of the chemical oxygen demand index (ST-COD) — Small-scale sealed-tube method”, 2002.
USEPA, “Method 410.4, Revision 2.0: The Determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand by Semi-Automated Colorimetry”, 1993.
APHA, AWWA, and WEF, “Standard method 6232B. Trihalomethanes and chlorinated organic solvents: liquidliquid extraction gas chromatographic method”, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, (6000), pp. 40, 46–40, 46, 1998.
G. K. Anderson and G. Yang, “Determination of Bicarbonate and Total Volatile Acid Concentration in Anaerobic Digesters Using a Simple Titration on JSTOR”, Water Environment Research, Vol. 64 (1), pp. 53–59, 1992.
A. D. Eaton, L. S. Clesceri, and A. E. Greenberg, Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 19th ed. Supplement. Washington, D.C.: American Public Health Association; American Water Works Association; Water Environment Federation, 1995.
S. Alcaraz-Ibarra, M. A. Mier-Quiroga, M. Esparza-Soto, M. Lucero-Chávez, and C. Fall, “Treatment of chocolate-processing industry wastewater in a low-temperature pilot-scale UASB: Reactor performance and in-situ biogas use for bioenergy recovery”, Biomass and Bioenergy, Vol. 142, pp. 105786–105786, 2020.
K. Wang, “Integrated anaerobic and aerobic treatment of sewage”, Environmental Technology, WIMEK 1994.
A. Torkian, A. Eqbali, and S. J. Hashemian, “The effect of organic loading rate on the performance of UASB reactor treating slaughterhouse effluent”, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, Vol. 40 (1), pp. 1–11, 2003.
N. Mahmoud, G. Zeeman, H. Gijzen, and G. Lettinga, “Solids removal in upflow anaerobic reactors, a review”, Bioresource Technology, Vol. 90 (1), pp. 1–9, 2003.
V. Del Nery, I. R. De Nardi, M. H. R. Z. Damianovic, E. Pozzi, A. K. B. Amorim, and M. Zaiat, “Long-term operating performance of a poultry slaughterhouse wastewater treatment plant”, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, Vol. 50 (1), pp. 102–114, 2007.
H. Hajiabadi, M. R. A. Moghaddam, and S. H. Hashemi, “Effect of sludge retention time on treating high load synthetic wastewater using aerobic sequencing batch reactors”, Iranian Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering, Vol. 6 (4), pp. 217–222, 2009.
R. Gökçe, Y. Çinçin, and O. N. Ağdağ, “Besi çiftliği atıksularının anaerobik/aerobik yöntemlerle arıtılabilirliği”, Vol. 25 (8), pp. 922–928, 2019.
R. Borja and C. J. Banks, “Response of an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor treating ice-cream wastewater to organic, hydraulic, temperature and pH shocks”, Journal of Biotechnology, Vol. 39 (3), pp. 251–259, 1995.
G. Zeeman and G. Lettinga, “The role of anaerobic digestion of domestic sewage in closing the water and nutrient cycle at community level”, Water Science and Technology, Vol. 39 (5), pp. 187–194, 1999.
R. F. Gonçalves, “Primary fermentation of soluble and particulate organic matter for wastewater treatment PDF”, Water Science and Technology, Vol. 30 (6), pp. 53–62, 1996.
L. Metcalf, H. P. Eddy, and G. Tchobanoglous, Wastewater energy: treatment and reuse. McGraw-Hill, 2004.
W. M. Wiegant, “Experiences and potential of anaerobic wastewater treatment in tropical regions”, Water Science and Technology, Vol. 44 (8), pp. 107–113, 2001.
H. Rizvi, N. Ahmad, F. Abbas, I. H. Bukhari, A. Yasar, S. Ali, T. Yasmeen, and M. Riaz, “Start-up of UASB reactors treating municipal wastewater and effect of temperature/sludge age and hydraulic retention time (HRT) on its performance”, Arabian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 8 (6), pp. 780–786, 2015.
M. R. Peña, D. D. Mara, and G. P. Avella, “Dispersion and treatment performance analysis of an UASB reactor under different hydraulic loading rates”, Water Research, Vol. 40 (3), pp. 445–452, 2006.
H. H. P. Fang and H. Q. Yu, “Effect of HRT on Mesophilic Acidogenesis of Dairy Wastewater”, Journal of Environmental Engineering, Vol. 126 (12), pp. 1145–1148, 2000.
M. Hernández and M. Rodríguez, “Hydrogen production by anaerobic digestion of pig manure: Effect of operating conditions”, Renewable Energy, Vol. 53, pp. 187–192, 2013.
W. Qiao, X. Yan, J. Ye, Y. Sun, W. Wang, and Z. Zhang, “Evaluation of biogas production from different biomass wastes with/without hydrothermal pretreatment”, Renewable Energy, Vol. 36 (12), pp. 3313–3318, 2011.
S. Zerrouki, R. Rihani, F. Bentahar, and K. Belkacemi, “Anaerobic digestion of wastewater from the fruit juice industry: experiments and modeling”, Water Science and Technology, Vol. 72 (1), pp. 123–134, 2015.
S. Zerrouki, R. Rihani, K. Lekikot, and I. Ramdhane, “Enhanced biogas production from anaerobic digestion of wastewater from the fruit juice industry by sonolysis: experiments and modelling”, Water Science and Technology, Vol. 84 (3), pp. 644–655, 2021.
O. I. Maile, H. Tesfagiorgis, and E. Muzenda, “The potency of monoethanolamine in biogas purification and upgrading”, 2017.

There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	English
Subjects	Environmental Engineering
Journal Section	Research Articles
Authors	Sevgi Güneş Durak 0000-0003-4273-7417 Seren Acarer 0000-0001-6733-2067 Güler Türkoğlu Demirkol 0000-0001-8222-5497
Publication Date	March 31, 2023
Submission Date	January 10, 2023
Acceptance Date	March 26, 2023
Published in Issue	Year 2023 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

APA	Güneş Durak, S., Acarer, S., & Türkoğlu Demirkol, G. (2023). Treatment of citrus juice process wastewater with UASB and biogas production. Environmental Research and Technology, 6(1), 68-77. https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1232198
AMA	Güneş Durak S, Acarer S, Türkoğlu Demirkol G. Treatment of citrus juice process wastewater with UASB and biogas production. ERT. March 2023;6(1):68-77. doi:10.35208/ert.1232198
Chicago	Güneş Durak, Sevgi, Seren Acarer, and Güler Türkoğlu Demirkol. “Treatment of Citrus Juice Process Wastewater With UASB and Biogas Production”. Environmental Research and Technology 6, no. 1 (March 2023): 68-77. https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1232198.
EndNote	Güneş Durak S, Acarer S, Türkoğlu Demirkol G (March 1, 2023) Treatment of citrus juice process wastewater with UASB and biogas production. Environmental Research and Technology 6 1 68–77.
IEEE	S. Güneş Durak, S. Acarer, and G. Türkoğlu Demirkol, “Treatment of citrus juice process wastewater with UASB and biogas production”, ERT, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 68–77, 2023, doi: 10.35208/ert.1232198.
ISNAD	Güneş Durak, Sevgi et al. “Treatment of Citrus Juice Process Wastewater With UASB and Biogas Production”. Environmental Research and Technology 6/1 (March 2023), 68-77. https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1232198.
JAMA	Güneş Durak S, Acarer S, Türkoğlu Demirkol G. Treatment of citrus juice process wastewater with UASB and biogas production. ERT. 2023;6:68–77.
MLA	Güneş Durak, Sevgi et al. “Treatment of Citrus Juice Process Wastewater With UASB and Biogas Production”. Environmental Research and Technology, vol. 6, no. 1, 2023, pp. 68-77, doi:10.35208/ert.1232198.
Vancouver	Güneş Durak S, Acarer S, Türkoğlu Demirkol G. Treatment of citrus juice process wastewater with UASB and biogas production. ERT. 2023;6(1):68-77.

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