Aim: Just after the start of World War I, people tried to provide aid to residents of villages, towns and settlements in the area affected by the conflict, who were not involved in the war directly but experienced the difficulties of the war-time existence on a daily basis. People who were most exposed to the consequences of the fighting included children and their families, also those families whose fathers went to fight on the front as reservists. The institution which took care of such families in Łódź was called Łódzkie Kuratorium Obywatelskie nad Rodzinami Rezerwistów. It was established as early as at the beginning of the war, in August 1914, under the regulations adopted two years earlier by the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs. The task of Kuratorium was to verify the material situation of families and to provide the necessary support. The main aim of this paper is to present the activity of Łódzkie Kuratorium Obywatelskie nad Rodzinami Rezerwistów during World War I. It mainly refers to different types of aid and care provided to soldiers’ families, including child care. Methods: The historical-pedagogical research was conducted by using the source analysis method, which consists of finding facts and their general sense in the context of research questions. Results: Kuratorium provided aid in the city in two forms. Mainly, it included monetary benefits granted to adults (mothers and closer relations) and children, which bought, most of all, food, medicines, and fuel. The other form of aid consisted in providing reservists’ children, orphans and half-orphans with places in orphanages or shelters in Łódź or with the children’s relatives. Conclusions: As the source documentation indicates, in April and May 1916, the official registers of people authorised to receive the money distributed by Łódzkie Kuratorium Obywatelskie nad Rodzinami Rezerwistów listed over 16 thousand families of reservists conscripted into the Russian army. The types of aid provided (financial subsidy, institutional care) proved to be effective. During World War I Families of Reservists in Łódź could count on systematic support.