Seventeen phyllosoma larvae (BL = 21.6 to 74.8 mm) of slipper lobster of the genus Parribacus were extracted from plankton samples collected in the western Pacific and Atlantic Ocean. DNA barcoding and phylogenetic analyses using 16S rDNA and COI sequences successfully determined species for 10 phyllosoma larvae from western North Pacific, in which five were Parribacus antarcticus and five were P. japonicus. No notable difference was observed in the sampling locations between these two species phyllosomas. No distinct morphological difference was observed between species, while the ratio of cephalic shield width to thorax width of P. japonicus phyllosomas was slightly but significantly larger than those of P. antarcticus. This is the first report on P. japonicus phyllosomas with certain identity.