Значение Veillonella в микробиоме полости рта и ее влияние на патологию зубов и пародонта. Обзор литературы

Актуальность. Вейлонеллы связаны с заболеваниями полости рта. Представители этого рода занимают значительную долю в составе микробиоты зубного налета (бляшки) и участвуют в формировании пищевых цепей и регуляции pH микробиома полости рта.

Целью данной статьи является предоставление обзора научных исследований, посвященных положению таксономической группы вейлонелл в микробиоме полости рта и их возможном влиянии на развитие инфекционных заболеваний полости рта.

Материалы и методы. Был проведен научный поиск в базах данных MEDLINE, EMBASE, NCBI, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus и eLibrary.RU за последние 40 лет. Были проанализированы 88 источников на английском языке, 1 на русском языке.

Результаты. Различные виды Veillonella способствуют адгезии Streptococcus mutans и метаболизируют лактат, вырабатываемом стрептококками. Они также играют важную роль в формировании микробной биопленки пародонта, вступая в коагрегацию с первичными, промежуточными и поздними колонизаторами, в том числе с такими пародонтопатогенами, как Fusobacterium nucleatum и Porphyromonas gingivalis. Вейлонеллы участвуют в образовании липополисахаридов и сероводорода при пульпите, периапикальном периодонтите и галитозе.

Заключение. Veillonella spp. является важным компонентом микробиома полости рта и может рассматриваться как стабилизирующий компонент и как индикатор нарушений метаболической ситуации в экосистеме ниши.

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