Transcriptome Analysis of Testes and Uterus: Reproductive Dysfunction Induced by Toxoplasma gondii in Mice
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals and Experiment Set-Up
2.2. Evaluation of Sperm Quality Parameters
2.3. Ultrastructural Evaluation of Testicles
2.4. cDNA Library Construction and Sequencing
2.5. Sequence Assembly and Acquisition of Clean Reads
2.6. Identification and Bioinformatics Analysis of DEGs
2.7. Verification of mRNA by Quantitative Real-Time PCR Analysis
2.8. Validations of RNA-Seq Results by Western Blotting
3. Results
3.1. Assessment of Reproductive Damage
3.2. Identification of Expressed Transcripts
3.3. Gene Ontology of Differentially Expressed Genes
3.4. KEGG Enrichment Analysis
3.5. Verification Results by qRT-PCR Analyzing
3.6. Verification Results by Western Blotting
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Availability of Data and Materials
References
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Gene ID | Gene | Forward Primer | Reverse Primer | Product Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
23968 | Nlrp5 | ACTGGGAAAGAGATGCACCC | GCCATCATGCACAAACCCAC | 147 |
229900 | Gbp7 | AGCTCATTGGGTGCAAAAATCC | ACTTACCAGAACCAGGCACTAC | 73 |
14468 | Gbp2b | GCCTCGCCTGTGTATCAGGA | GGAAAGTTGCTTCCTGTCTCC | 82 |
15959 | Ifit3 | TCCTCCAAAAGGCAGCTCAG | TCCCTGTAACGGCACATGAC | 133 |
233752 | Insc | GCAGGTAGACTCGGTTCAGC | AGGTCACCTTGCGTGTCTTC | 117 |
110557 | H2-Q6 | CCCCAGGTCTTATGGTGCTG | TGCCAAGTCAGGGTGATGTC | 78 |
15018 | H2-Q7 | CCCAGGTCTTATGGTGCTGTC | TCAGCTCCTCCCCATTCAAC | 97 |
15015 | H2-Q4 | GAAAGCCAAGGGCAATGAGC | CCGCGCTCTGGTTGTAGTAG | 74 |
14964 | H2-D1 | GACAACAAGGAGTTCGTGCG | CACTCGGAACCACTGCTCTT | 144 |
11461 | β-actin | AGAGAAGCTGTGCTATGTTGCT | GGAACCGCTCGTTGCCAATA | 128 |
Sample | Raw Data | Valid Data | Valid Ratio (Reads) | Q20% | Q30% | GC Content% | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Read | Base | Read | Base | |||||
MaleCtrl-1 | 51722480 | 7.76 G | 51153928 | 7.67 G | 98.9 | 99.68 | 96.19 | 50 |
MaleTox-1 | 53513324 | 8.03 G | 52647430 | 7.90 G | 98.38 | 99.65 | 96.94 | 50 |
FemaleCtrl-1 | 49853240 | 7.48 G | 48944858 | 7.34 G | 98.18 | 99.75 | 97.42 | 49.5 |
FemaleTox-1 | 44228168 | 6.63 G | 43353818 | 6.50 G | 98.02 | 99.63 | 96.99 | 50 |
MaleCtrl-2 | 50455024 | 7.57 G | 49652644 | 7.45 G | 98.41 | 99.64 | 96.95 | 50.5 |
MaleTox-2 | 59110516 | 8.87 G | 58525676 | 8.78 G | 99.01 | 99.73 | 97.16 | 50.5 |
FemaleCtrl-2 | 53600952 | 7.33 G | 52597978 | 7.18 G | 98.13 | 98.68 | 96.15 | 51 |
FemaleTox-2 | 43890326 | 6.58 G | 42897454 | 6.44 G | 97.74 | 98.93 | 93.25 | 49.5 |
MaleCtrl-3 | 48768472 | 7.32 G | 48078448 | 7.21 G | 98.59 | 99.69 | 96.9 | 49 |
MaleTox-3 | 54269660 | 8.14 G | 53547754 | 8.03 G | 98.67 | 99.69 | 97.05 | 49.5 |
FemaleCtrl-3 | 52033912 | 7.81 G | 51570014 | 7.74 G | 99.11 | 99.65 | 96.78 | 50.5 |
FemaleTox-3 | 44641116 | 6.70 G | 43937778 | 6.59 G | 98.42 | 99.69 | 96.97 | 50 |
KEGG ID | Pathway | Description | Gene Numbers in Testes | Gene Numbers in Uterus |
---|---|---|---|---|
mmu05320 | Autoimmune thyroid disease | Includes Graves’ disease (GD) and autoimmune atrophic thyroiditis or primary myxedema, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) or chronic autoimmune thyroiditis and its variants. | 8 | 7 |
mmu05166 | HTLV-I infection | A retrovirus, involved in many naturally occurring neoplasms in various animal species. | 9 | 17 |
mmu05330 | Allograft rejection | The rejection of a donor tissue graft by the immune system of a recipient. | 8 | 7 |
mmu05332 | Graft-versus-host disease | An immunological disorder that affects many organ systems by allografts. | 8 | 6 |
mmu01100 | Metabolic pathways | Metabolic process consisting of a series of biochemical reactions, such as glycolytic pathway, tricarboxylic acid cycle pathway, gluconeogenesis pathway, fatty acid synthesis pathway. | 21 | 79 |
mmu04940 | Type I diabetes mellitus | An autoimmune disease of endocrine system characterized by minimal or absent production of insulin by the pancreas. | 8 | 7 |
mmu04514 | Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) | A group of membrane glycoprotein and carbohydrate molecules that mediate the adhesion of cells to cells or of cells to the extracellular matrix. | 8 | 15 |
Gene Symbol | Fold Change in Testes | Fold Change in Uterus | Description |
---|---|---|---|
Kcnk2 | −3.528649146 | −24.02119933 | A two-pore domain potassium channel involved in maintaining cellular membrane resting potentials. |
Nlrp5 | −2.342730135 | −304.5906692 | Closely related to early embryo development. |
Gbp7 | 3.563261125 | 4.890800334 | A GBP family member with an unusual and extended C-terminus. |
Gbp2b | −4.040695723 | −7.340503123 | Gbp2b plays an important role in activating inflammatory bodies and mediating resistance to intracellular pathogens. |
Ceacam10 | 5.871390465 | 10.7128078 | Ceacam10 is a kind of glycoprotein in mouse seminal vesicle secretions that enhances sperm motility and is essential during placental and embryonic development. |
Kcnq2 | −4.833063041 | 15.11249898 | KCNQ2 combines with KCNQ3 to form a potassium ion channel, it is important in the regulation of neuronal excitability. |
Pappa2 | −15.07331338 | −13.54553907 | Affects fetal bone development. Decreased expression of Pappa2 will affect the body size of the fetus at birth. |
Ifit3 | 4.073777097 | 5.433739017 | It plays a vital role in the resistance of interferon-α to pathogens. |
Insc | 5.101441093 | −11.00866683 | Induced spindles to perform unequal mitosis on cells and promote cell differentiation. |
H2-Q6 | 3.454653679 | 5.466215554 | The H2 system determines which components of the cell membrane can induce cellular and humoral responses with proper donor-acceptor binding. They are of great significance in regulating innate and adaptive immune responses and are closely related to many infectious and/or autoimmune diseases. |
H2-Q7 | 2.322132722 | 4.201589866 | |
H2-D1 | 2.911529549 | 2.438249553 | |
H2-Q4 | 4.134029458 | 4.313827783 |
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Wang, J.; Liu, T.; Mahmmod, Y.S.; Yang, Z.; Tan, J.; Ren, Z.; Zhang, X.; Yang, X.; Zhang, X.-X.; Yuan, Z.-G. Transcriptome Analysis of Testes and Uterus: Reproductive Dysfunction Induced by Toxoplasma gondii in Mice. Microorganisms 2020, 8, 1136. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8081136
Wang J, Liu T, Mahmmod YS, Yang Z, Tan J, Ren Z, Zhang X, Yang X, Zhang X-X, Yuan Z-G. Transcriptome Analysis of Testes and Uterus: Reproductive Dysfunction Induced by Toxoplasma gondii in Mice. Microorganisms. 2020; 8(8):1136. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8081136
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Junjie, Tanghui Liu, Yasser S. Mahmmod, Zipeng Yang, Jiexing Tan, Zhaowen Ren, Xirui Zhang, Xiaoying Yang, Xiu-Xiang Zhang, and Zi-Guo Yuan. 2020. "Transcriptome Analysis of Testes and Uterus: Reproductive Dysfunction Induced by Toxoplasma gondii in Mice" Microorganisms 8, no. 8: 1136. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8081136