Study on the Tribological Behavior and the Interaction between Friction and Oxidation of Graphite Reinforced by Impregnated Phosphate at High Temperatures
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials Preparation
2.2. Friction and Oxidation Test
2.3. Characterization and Measurement
3. Results
3.1. Microstructure and Phase Composition of the Graphite
3.2. Tribological Properties
3.3. Structure and Composition of the Graphite Friction-Transferred Film
3.4. Static Oxidation of the Graphite
4. Discussion
4.1. Mechanism for Resisting Wear of the Impregnated Graphite
4.2. Mechanism for Reducing the Wear of the Counterpart of the Impregnated Graphite
5. Conclusions
- The COFs of the matrix graphite and the impregnated graphite do not differ much. The reduction in pores after impregnation with phosphate makes the COF of the impregnated graphite more stable at different temperatures (100–500 °C).
- At high temperatures (300–500 °C), the wear rate of the matrix graphite increases significantly under the combined effect of friction and oxidation, and the wear rate at 500 °C is 24 times that at room temperature (20 °C).
- At high temperatures (400–500 °C), the inert sites formed by the phosphate on the friction-transferred film of the impregnated graphite effectively inhibit the oxidation, slowing down the destruction of the mechanical properties of the impregnated graphite and thus reducing the wear rate.
- The impregnated graphite is reinforced with phosphate, which provides it with less porosity and a smoother friction surface at high temperatures. Therefore, the furrow damage of the impregnated graphite counterpart is lighter than that of the matrix graphite counterpart.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Composition | C | O | P | Zn | Cr | Ti | Al | Mo | Ni | Nb | Fe |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Matrix graphite | 100 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Impregnated graphite | 87~91 | 7~9 | 1~2 | 1~2 | |||||||
GH4169 | 0.04 | - | - | - | 18.56 | 1.02 | 0.57 | 3.06 | 52.89 | 5.10 | Balance |
Specimen | Density (g/cm3) | Compressive/Tensile Strength (MPa) | Flexural Strength (MPa) | Hardness | Open Porosity (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Matrix graphite | 1.88 | 105 | 41 | 75 HS | 9.0 |
Impregnated graphite | 1.96 | 112 | 44 | 77 HS | 3.0 |
GH4169 | 8.24 | 965 | - | 380 HBS | - |
Parameters | Value |
---|---|
Pin | Phosphate-impregnated graphite Matrix graphite |
Disk | GH4169 |
Temperature (°C) | 20, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 |
Time (s) | 7200 |
Load (N) | 30 |
Rotation speed (rpm/min) | 60 |
Rotation radius (mm) | 12.5 |
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Cheng, H.; Gao, S.; Duan, D.; Yang, S.; Xue, W.; Wu, B.; Zhu, Z. Study on the Tribological Behavior and the Interaction between Friction and Oxidation of Graphite Reinforced by Impregnated Phosphate at High Temperatures. Materials 2023, 16, 3517. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16093517
Cheng H, Gao S, Duan D, Yang S, Xue W, Wu B, Zhu Z. Study on the Tribological Behavior and the Interaction between Friction and Oxidation of Graphite Reinforced by Impregnated Phosphate at High Temperatures. Materials. 2023; 16(9):3517. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16093517
Chicago/Turabian StyleCheng, Hao, Siyang Gao, Deli Duan, Shuai Yang, Weihai Xue, Bi Wu, and Zhenguo Zhu. 2023. "Study on the Tribological Behavior and the Interaction between Friction and Oxidation of Graphite Reinforced by Impregnated Phosphate at High Temperatures" Materials 16, no. 9: 3517. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16093517