The Molecular Role of Polyamines in Age-Related Diseases: An Update
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Biosynthesis of Pas
3. Polyamines as Novel Biomarkers for Age-Related Diseases
4. Polyamines and Neurodegenerative Diseases
4.1. The Role of PAs in Alzheimer’s Disease
4.2. The Role of PAs in Parkinson’s Disease
5. Polyamines and the Burden of Chronic-Disease Disability
5.1. The Role of PAs in Osteoporosis
5.2. The Role of PAs in Osteoarthritis
5.3. The Role of PAs in Sarcopenia and Frailty
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
α-syn | Alpha-synuclein |
AD | Alzheimer’s disease |
ADC | Arginine decarboxylase |
ATP13A2 | ATPase cation transporting 13A2 |
BMI | Bone mass index |
CNS | Central nervous system |
CSF | Cerebrospinal fluid |
COL2A1 | Collagen type II alpha 1 chain |
DHS | Deoxyhypusine synthase |
DOHH | Deoxyhypusine hydrolase |
EP300 | E1A-binding protein P300 |
elF5A | Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A |
GPC1 | Glypican 1 |
MCI | Mild cognitive impairment |
MTA | 5ߣ-methylthioadenosin |
NMDA | N-Methyl-D-aspartate |
NLRP3 | NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 |
OCT-1-3 | Organic cation transporters 1, 2, and 3 |
ODC | Ornithine decarboxylase |
OA | Osteoarthritis |
OVX | Ovariectomy |
PD | Parkinson’s disease |
PAO | Polyamine oxidase |
PA | Polyamines |
PUT | Putrescine |
PSP | Progressive supranuclear palsy |
PSR | Polyamine stress response |
dcAdoMet | S-adenosylmethionine |
SRS | Snyder–Robinson Syndrome |
SLC3A2 | Solute Carrier Family 3 (Amino Acid Transporter Heavy Chain) |
SPD | Spermidine |
SMS | Spermidine synthase |
SPM | Spermine |
SSAT | Spermine/spermidine N1-acetyltransferase |
SOX9 | SRY-box transcription 9 |
WHO | World Health Organization |
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Disease | Type of Sample | Polyamine Impairment Effect | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
Alzheimer’s Disease | Temporal cortex and occipital cortex tissue |
| [45] |
Cortical surface tissue |
| [46] | |
Brain tissue |
| [47] | |
| [48] | ||
| [49] | ||
| [50] | ||
Plasma and CSF |
| [51] | |
Serum |
| [36] | |
Parkinson’s Disease | Brain tissue |
| [52] |
| [53] | ||
CSF |
| [54] | |
CSF and serum |
| [55] | |
CSF and red blood cells |
| [56] | |
Serum |
| [57] | |
| [58] | ||
Plasma |
| [37] | |
Osteoporosis |
| [44] | |
Osteoarthritis | Serum |
| [39] |
Sarcopenia | Whole blood |
| [40] |
* Mouse skeletal muscle |
| [59] | |
| [60] |
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Jimenez Gutierrez, G.E.; Borbolla Jiménez, F.V.; Muñoz, L.G.; Tapia Guerrero, Y.S.; Murillo Melo, N.M.; Cristóbal-Luna, J.M.; Leyva Garcia, N.; Cordero-Martínez, J.; Magaña, J.J. The Molecular Role of Polyamines in Age-Related Diseases: An Update. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 16469. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242216469
Jimenez Gutierrez GE, Borbolla Jiménez FV, Muñoz LG, Tapia Guerrero YS, Murillo Melo NM, Cristóbal-Luna JM, Leyva Garcia N, Cordero-Martínez J, Magaña JJ. The Molecular Role of Polyamines in Age-Related Diseases: An Update. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(22):16469. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242216469
Chicago/Turabian StyleJimenez Gutierrez, Guadalupe Elizabeth, Fabiola V. Borbolla Jiménez, Luis G. Muñoz, Yessica Sarai Tapia Guerrero, Nadia Mireya Murillo Melo, José Melesio Cristóbal-Luna, Norberto Leyva Garcia, Joaquín Cordero-Martínez, and Jonathan J. Magaña. 2023. "The Molecular Role of Polyamines in Age-Related Diseases: An Update" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 22: 16469. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242216469