Maternal High-Fat Diet and Offspring Hypertension
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Maternal High-Fat Diet Programs Adult Diseases
3. High-Fat Diet and Hypertension
3.1. Cardiovascular System
3.2. Central Nervous System
3.3. Renal System
4. Hypertension of Developmental Origins: The Impact of Maternal High-Fat Diet
4.1. Animal Models of Maternal HFD-Induced Offspring Hypertension
4.2. Proposed Mechanisms Underlying Maternal HFD-Induced Offspring Hypertension
4.2.1. Oxidative Stress
4.2.2. NO Deficiency
4.2.3. Aberrant Activation of the RAS
4.2.4. Dysregulated Nutrient-Sensing Signals
4.2.5. Epigenetic Regulation
4.2.6. Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis
4.2.7. Others
5. Reprogramming Strategies
6. Conclusions and Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Energy Percent from Fat in Maternal High-Fat Diet | Species/Sex | Intervention Period | Offspring Obesity | Programming Effects | Age at Measure | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
13.4% | Rabbit/M+F | Pregnancy and Lactation | No | Increased central leptin signaling and sympathetic responsivity | 20 weeks | [21] |
18.7% | SD rat/M | Pregnancy | No | Increased leptin expression and leptin promoter hypomethylation in adipose tissues | 1 year | [59] |
24% | Wistar rat/M | Lactation | Yes | Decreased plasma and mesenteric arteries antioxidant activities, and decreased NO | 22 weeks | [60] |
25.7% | SD rat/M+F | Lactation | Yes in females | Endothelial dysfunction | 25 weeks | [61] |
25.7% | SD rat/F | Pregnancy and Lactation | Yes | Endothelial dysfunction | 180 days | [62] |
31% | Wistar rat/M+F | Pregnancy and Lactation | ND | Reduced SOD activity and increased lipid peroxidation in the kidneys | 90 days | [63] |
31% | Wistar rat/M | Pregnancy and Lactation | ND | Increased oxidative stress in the kidneys | 100 days | [64] |
45% | SD rat/M | Pregnancy and Lactation | Yes | Endothelial dysfunction and reduced NO | 130 days | [65] |
45% | C57BL6J mice/M | Pregnancy and Lactation | Yes | Endothelial dysfunction, increased ROS, and reduced NO in femoral artery | 30 weeks | [66] |
58% | SD rat/M | Pregnancy and Lactation | No | Increased renal AT1R expression and shifts in gut microbiota | 16 weeks | [67] |
58% | SD rat/M | Pregnancy and Lactation | No | Increased renal oxidative stress, decreased urinary NO level, and decreased renal Ang-(1–7) level | 16 weeks | [68] |
58% | SD rat/M | Pregnancy and Lactation | No | Increased renal oxidative stress and decreased urinary NO level | 16 weeks | [69] |
58% | SD rat/M | Pregnancy and Lactation | Yes | Dysregulated H2S-generating pathway and shifts in gut microbiota | 16 weeks | [70] |
58% | SD rat/M | Pregnancy and Lactation | No | Dysregulated nutrient-sensing signals and shifts in gut microbiota | 16 weeks | [71] |
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Tain, Y.-L.; Hsu, C.-N. Maternal High-Fat Diet and Offspring Hypertension. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 8179. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158179
Tain Y-L, Hsu C-N. Maternal High-Fat Diet and Offspring Hypertension. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(15):8179. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158179
Chicago/Turabian StyleTain, You-Lin, and Chien-Ning Hsu. 2022. "Maternal High-Fat Diet and Offspring Hypertension" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 15: 8179. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158179