Tungsten Accumulation in Hot Spring Sediments Resulting from Preferred Sorption of Aqueous Polytungstates to Goethite
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area, Geochemical Sampling, and Analyses of Collected Samples
2.2. Formation of Polytungstates and Their Identification by UV-Vis
2.3. Tungsten Sorption Experiments
2.3.1. Reagents and Materials
2.3.2. Kinetic Experiments
2.3.3. Adsorption Isotherms
2.3.4. Effects of Temperature and Ionic Strength
2.3.5. Measurements and Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. General Geochemistry of the Hot Springs and Tungsten in the Hot Spring Sediments
3.2. Transformation of Tungstates to Polytungstates under Acidic Conditions as Well as Their UV-Vis Detection and Thermodynamic Simulation
3.3. Sorption of Tungstate and Polytungstate onto Goethite and Pyrite
3.3.1. Sorption Kinetics
3.3.2. Sorption Isotherms
3.3.3. Effects of Temperature and Ionic Strength on Adsorption
3.3.4. Characterization of the Solid Samples before and after Tungsten Sorption
4. Discussion
4.1. Effects of Iron-Bearing Mineral Type on Tungsten Sorption to Hot Spring Sediment
4.2. Effects of Aqueous Environment Parameters on Tungsten Sorption to Hot Spring Sediment
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | T/°C | pH | EC (µs/cm) | Sulfide (mg/L) | W (µg/L) | Fe (mg/L) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DRTY-02 | 49 | 2.78 | 815 | n.d. | 0.30 | 4.48 |
DRTY-08 | 79 | 3.04 | 902 | 105 | 0.10 | 0.41 |
ZZQ | 89 | 2.81 | 600 | 0.04 | 12.3 | 0.94 |
ZZQD1 | 73 | 3.46 | 557 | n.d. | 12.0 | 0.76 |
ZZQD2 | 47 | 3.62 | 569 | n.d. | 10.72 | 0.74 |
ZZQD3 | 41 | 3.30 | 541 | n.d. | 7.50 | 0.53 |
ZZQD4 | 39 | 3.21 | 553 | n.d. | 6.91 | 0.65 |
ZZQD5 | 38 | 3.29 | 568 | n.d. | 5.65 | 0.50 |
WGQ | 41 | 5.52 | 398 | 1.40 | 0.51 | 0.52 |
HMZP-L | 66 | 7.20 | 1680 | 0.00 | 30.88 | 1.65 |
HMZP-LD1 | 60 | 7.52 | 1890 | 0.02 | 34.36 | 1.01 |
HMZP-LD2 | 38 | 7.56 | 1891 | n.d. | 36.50 | 0.80 |
HMZP-LD3 | 29 | 8.12 | 1885 | n.d. | 34.02 | 0.63 |
HMZP-M | 77 | 7.88 | 1874 | 0.10 | 40.59 | 0.39 |
DGG | 84 | 7.90 | 4197 | 0.17 | 76.98 | 0.08 |
YJQ-R | 90 | 9.15 | 3627 | 4.20 | 68.26 | 0.09 |
Time | 275 nm | 320 nm |
---|---|---|
1 h | 0.122 | 0.098 |
6 h | 0.126 | 0.09 |
12 h | 0.127 | 0.083 |
24 h | 0.134 | 0.052 |
Sample | ce | qe | Pseudo-First-Order Kinetics | Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetics | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(mg/L) | (mg/g) | k1 | qe,cal | R2 | k2 | qe,cal | R2 | |
Goethite, monotungstate | 8.61 | 5.50 | 0.14 | 2.30 | 0.877 | 0.168 | 5.59 | 0.989 |
Goethite, polytungstate | 1.04 | 9.75 | 0.15 | 2.11 | 0.972 | 0.264 | 9.81 | 0.999 |
Pyrite, monotungstate | 9.46 | 5.08 | 0.11 | 1.57 | 0.884 | 0.26 | 5.09 | 0.993 |
Pyrite, polytungstate | 10.18 | 4.67 | 0.15 | 1.15 | 0.616 | 0.38 | 4.67 | 0.994 |
Sample | Langmuir Model | Freundlich Model | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
KL | qmax | R2 | KF | n | R2 | |
Goethite, monotungstate | 5.21 | 5.75 | 0.992 | 3.55 | 1.80 | 0.846 |
Goethite, polytungstate | 6.82 | 10.47 | 0.929 | 16.46 | 1.35 | 0.866 |
Pyrite, monotungstate | 6.27 | 4.97 | 0.988 | 2.59 | 2.56 | 0.676 |
Pyrite, polytungstate | 4.20 | 4.70 | 0.981 | 2.00 | 2.76 | 0.557 |
Sample | Peak | Energy (eV) | FWHW (eV) | Percent (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pristine goethite | O2− | 529.8 | 1.35 | 50.5 |
OH− | 531.1 | 1.30 | 42.9 | |
H2O | 532.4 | 1.30 | 6.6 | |
Goethite, monotungstate | O2− | 529.8 | 1.30 | 44.1 |
OH− | 531.0 | 1.22 | 34.8 | |
WO42− | 531.5 | 1.25 | 16.3 | |
H2O | 532.4 | 1.30 | 4.8 | |
Goethite, polytungstate | O2− | 529.8 | 1.30 | 45.9 |
OH− | 531.0 | 1.25 | 27.1 | |
WO42− | 531.5 | 1.19 | 21.3 | |
H2O | 532.4 | 1.29 | 5.7 |
Sample | Peak | Energy (eV) | FWHW (eV) | Percent (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pristine pyrite | FeS2 | 707.4 | 1.09 | 61.3 |
Fe2O3 | 709.6 | 1.88 | 14.7 | |
FeOOH | 711.4 | 1.95 | 16.0 | |
Fe2(SO4)3 | 713.3 | 2.04 | 8.0 | |
Pyrite, monotungstate | FeS2 | 707.6 | 0.94 | 55.9 |
FeWO4 | 708.9 | 1.10 | 11.2 | |
Fe2O3 | 709.9 | 1.84 | 12.3 | |
FeOOH | 711.7 | 1.91 | 13.4 | |
Fe2(SO4)3 | 713.6 | 1.95 | 7.3 | |
Pyrite, polytungstate | FeS2 | 707.6 | 0.99 | 54.6 |
FeWO4 | 708.9 | 1.05 | 9.3 | |
Fe2O3 | 709.9 | 1.87 | 14.8 | |
FeOOH | 711.9 | 1.95 | 14.2 | |
Fe2(SO4)3 | 713.6 | 1.92 | 7.1 |
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Zhao, Q.; Guo, Q.; Luo, L.; Yan, K. Tungsten Accumulation in Hot Spring Sediments Resulting from Preferred Sorption of Aqueous Polytungstates to Goethite. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 12629. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312629
Zhao Q, Guo Q, Luo L, Yan K. Tungsten Accumulation in Hot Spring Sediments Resulting from Preferred Sorption of Aqueous Polytungstates to Goethite. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(23):12629. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312629
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhao, Qian, Qinghai Guo, Li Luo, and Ketao Yan. 2021. "Tungsten Accumulation in Hot Spring Sediments Resulting from Preferred Sorption of Aqueous Polytungstates to Goethite" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 23: 12629. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312629