Maladaptive Perfectionism and Internet Addiction among Chinese College Students: A Moderated Mediation Model of Depression and Gender
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Maladaptive Perfectionism and Internet Addiction
1.2. Depression as a Mediator
1.3. Gender as a Moderator
1.4. The Present Study
2. Methods
2.1. Participants and Procedure
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Internet Addiction
2.2.2. Maladaptive Perfectionism
2.2.3. Depression
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Preliminary Analyses
3.2. Testing for Mediation Effect
3.3. Testing for Moderated Mediation
4. Discussion
4.1. Self-Medication Process
4.2. Gender Differences
4.3. Contributions and Implications
4.4. Limitation and Future Directions
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | N (%) |
---|---|
Age | M = 18.3 (SD = 0.8) |
Gender | |
Male | 868 (43.1) |
Female | 1148 (56.9) |
Only child | |
Yes | 848 (42.1) |
No | 1168 (57.9) |
Smartphone daily usage time | |
Under 4 h | 845 (41.9) |
4–8 h | 1008 (50.0) |
Over 8 h | 163 (8.1) |
Monthly consumption | |
Under 1200 yuan | 1148 (56.9) |
1200–1999 yuan | 753 (37.4) |
Over 2000 yuan | 115 (5.7) |
Variable | M | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Maladaptive perfectionism | 59.538 | 13.815 | 1 | ||
2. Depression | 35.124 | 7.980 | 0.330 ** | 1 | |
3. Internet addiction | 50.755 | 13.181 | 0.295 ** | 0.426 ** | 1 |
Variable | Gender | M | SD | t |
---|---|---|---|---|
Maladaptive perfectionism | Male | 60.695 | 13.329 | 3.278 *** |
Female | 58.663 | 14.114 | ||
Depression | Male | 34.631 | 8.163 | −2.413 * |
Female | 35.497 | 7.821 | ||
Internet addiction | Male | 49.552 | 13.716 | −3.536 *** |
Female | 51.665 | 12.691 |
Model 1: Depression | Model 2: Internet Addiction | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | SE | t | p | B | SE | t | p | |
Age | 0.102 | 0.224 | 0.455 | 0.649 | −0.083 | 0.341 | −0.242 | 0.809 |
Only child | 0.706 | 0.349 | 2.026 | 0.043 | 1.750 | 0.531 | 3.297 | 0.001 |
Smartphone usage time | 1.402 | 0.271 | 5.171 | <0.001 | 4.474 | 0.415 | 10.782 | <0.001 |
Monthly consumption | −0.279 | 0.286 | −0.973 | 0.331 | 0.466 | 0.435 | 1.070 | 0.285 |
Perfectionism | 0.188 | 0.012 | 15.525 | <0.001 | 0.165 | 0.019 | 8.496 | <0.001 |
Depression | 0.562 | 0.034 | 16.576 | <0.001 | ||||
R2 | 0.123 | 0.257 | ||||||
F | 56.444 *** | 116.000 *** |
Model 1: Depression | Model 2: Internet Addiction | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | SE | t | p | B | SE | t | p | |
Age | 0.148 | 0.224 | 0.659 | 0.510 | −0.019 | 0.340 | −0.055 | 0.956 |
Only child | 0.617 | 0.349 | 1.769 | 0.077 | 1.658 | 0.530 | 3.129 | 0.002 |
Smartphone usage time | 1.326 | 0.272 | 4.884 | <0.001 | 4.420 | 0.414 | 10.666 | <0.001 |
Monthly consumption | −0.330 | 0.286 | −1.153 | 0.249 | 0.387 | 0.434 | 0.893 | 0.372 |
Perfectionism | 0.190 | 0.012 | 15.727 | <0.001 | 0.174 | 0.020 | 8.957 | <0.001 |
Gender | 1.100 | 0.340 | 3.235 | 0.001 | 1.398 | 0.517 | 2.703 | 0.007 |
Perfectionism × Gender | 0.006 | 0.025 | 0.260 | 0.795 | −0.132 | 0.040 | −3.345 | 0.001 |
Depression | 0.555 | 0.034 | 16.357 | <0.001 | ||||
Depression × Gender | −0.056 | 0.068 | −0.824 | 0.410 | ||||
R2 | 0.128 | 0.266 | ||||||
F | 42.001 *** | 80.549 *** |
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Yang, W.; Morita, N.; Zuo, Z.; Kawaida, K.; Ogai, Y.; Saito, T.; Hu, W. Maladaptive Perfectionism and Internet Addiction among Chinese College Students: A Moderated Mediation Model of Depression and Gender. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 2748. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052748
Yang W, Morita N, Zuo Z, Kawaida K, Ogai Y, Saito T, Hu W. Maladaptive Perfectionism and Internet Addiction among Chinese College Students: A Moderated Mediation Model of Depression and Gender. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(5):2748. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052748
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Wenjie, Nobuaki Morita, Zhijuan Zuo, Kyoko Kawaida, Yasukazu Ogai, Tamaki Saito, and Wenyan Hu. 2021. "Maladaptive Perfectionism and Internet Addiction among Chinese College Students: A Moderated Mediation Model of Depression and Gender" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5: 2748. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052748