Adaptive Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Long-Term Self-Treatment: A Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Biological Energy Collection
2.1. Working Principle of TENG
2.2. Wearable Body Energy Collection
2.3. Implantable Body Energy Collection
3. Real-Time Medical Diagnostic Equipment
3.1. Diagnostic Equipment for Cardiovascular Disease
3.1.1. Blood Pressure Diagnosis
3.1.2. Pulse Diagnosis
3.2. Diagnostic Equipment for Respiratory Diseases
3.2.1. Diagnosis of Diseases Caused by Infection with Gram-Positive Bacteria
Date | Positions | Sizes [cm2] | Materials | Energy Sources | Outputs | Applications | Working Modes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2022 [54] | Pulse | 5 × 5 | Cu, Silicone rubber | Pulse vibration | 0.89 V/kPa | Pulse monitoring | Contact-separation |
2021 [55] | Pulse | None | FEP, PA, Cu, PET | Pulse vibration | 10.29 nA/kPa | Pulse monitoring | Contact-separation |
2022 [56] | Pulse | 1.8 × 1.6 | PTFE, Cu | Pulse vibration | 1.65 V/kPa | Pulse monitoring | Contact-separation |
2022 [60] | Nose | 5 × 2 | MXene | Respiratory drive | 27 μW | Respiratory monitoring | Contact-separation |
2022 [62] | Solution | 2 × 0.5 | ITO | Vibration | 165 V | Bacterial detection | Contact-separation |
2021 [63] | Nose | 4 × 4 | Polyacrylonitrile, Polyamide 66 | Respiratory drive | 420 v | OSAHS diagnostics | Contact-separation |
2021 [64] | Wearable | 31 × 3 | Catechol, Chitosan, Diatom | Movement | 29.8 mW/m2 | Parkinson diagnosis | Contact-separation |
2021 [65] | Wearable | 4 × 3.5 | Ecoflex, Al | Movement | 2 V | Parkinson diagnosis | Contact-separation |
3.2.2. Diagnosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome
3.3. Diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease
4. Long-Term Self-Treatment Equipment
4.1. Body Tissue Regeneration
4.1.1. Nerve Tissue Regeneration
4.1.2. Connective Tissue Regeneration
4.1.3. Muscle Tissue Function Repair
4.2. Organ Treatment
4.2.1. Cardiac Treatment
4.2.2. Skin or Wound Healing
4.3. Bacterial Infection
4.3.1. Long-Term Bacterial Eradication
4.3.2. Anti-Inflammatory Treatment of Sepsis
4.4. Long-Term Auxiliary Physical Therapy
4.4.1. Adjuvant Treatment of Hearing Impairment
4.4.2. Adjuvant Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis
4.5. Drug Delivery
Date | Positions | Sizes [cm2] | Materials | Energy Sources | Outputs | Applications | Working Modes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2022 [69] | Sciatic nerve, rat | 3.5 × 2.5 | PDMS, PA6 | Respiratory drive | 0.13 μA | Nerve repair | Contact-separation |
2021 [70] | Finger | 0.5 × 0.5 | PMDS, Ny, CAB | Tactile pressure | 2.5 V | Tactile recovery | Contact-separation |
2022 [71] | Bone | None | PTFE, Al | Movement | 30 µA | Bone repair | Lateral sliding |
2019 [74] | Head, rat | 2 × 2 | PET, PTFE | Movement | 430 mV | Hair regeneration | Lateral sliding |
2019 [77] | Muscle | 10 × 10 | PTFE, PET | Movement | 95 μW | Muscle repair | Contact-separation |
2018 [81] | Heart | 1 × 2 | Celllose, Chitin, RP, SF, and EW | None | 0.6 µA | Heart disease treatment | Contact-separation |
2022 [82] | Wound | None | PDA, PVDF | Press | 42 mV | Wound repair | Contact-separation |
2022 [83] | Wound | 4 × 4 | PPy | Press | 33 mW m−2 | Wound repair | Contact-separation |
2021 [84] | Stomach | 10 | PET, PTFE, Pt | Micro vibration | 185 mV | Sterilization | Contact-separation |
2022 [85] | None | 5 × 5 | Fluornated Polyurethane | Press | 22 μA | Sterilization | Contact-separation |
2022 [86] | Solution | None | CCTO-BMF, Cu, Acrylic | Gravity | 322 µA | Sterilization | Contact-separation |
2021 [90] | Subcutaneous, rat | 1.5 × 1.5 | Polyacrylamide, Graphene | Ultrasonic drive | 1.6 mA | Anti inflammatory Treatment of sepsis | Contact-separation |
2020 [91] | Hand | None | Polyester, PDMS | Hand movement | 2.47 V | Auxiliary physical Therapy | Contact-separation |
2022 [93] | Knee | None | Kapton, Cu | Movement | 35 V | Treatment of knee osteoarthritis | Contact-separation |
2022 [94] | Internal environment | None | PVDF, PA Cr/Ag electrode | Micro vibration | 3.7 μA | Promote drug absorption | Lateral sliding |
2020 [95] | Internal environment | None | PDMS, PET, PVA | Micro vibration | 165.6 μA | Drug transportation | Contact-separation |
5. Conclusions and Perspectives
5.1. TENG Energy Collection
5.1.1. Increased Output Power
5.1.2. Stability
5.2. TENGs for Diagnosis
5.2.1. Wireless Data Transmission
5.2.2. Higher Sensitivity
5.2.3. Comfortability
5.3. TENG for Treatment
5.3.1. Biosafety
5.3.2. Multifunctionality
5.3.3. Degradability
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Date | Positions | Sizes [cm2] | Materials | Energy Sources | Outputs | Applications | Working Modes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2022 [41] | Wearable | None | Cellulose particles | Particle vibration | 70 μW | Electricity generation | Contact-separation |
2019 [42] | Foot | 2 × 2 | Al | Walk | 1.67 μW | Electricity generation | Contact-separation |
2022 [43] | Nose | None | CNT, Wire | Breathing | 150 V | Respiratory monitoring | Contact-separation |
2021 [44] | Wearable | 4 × 4 | Sponge, PANI | Vibration | 280 μW | Electricity generation | Contact-separation |
2021 [49] | Heart, rat | 1.2 × 1.2 | Ecoflex | Heart beating | 51.74 nA | Biomedical monitoring | Contact-separation |
2018 [50] | Stomach, rat | 1 × 2 | PDMS, PI | Stomach Peristalsis | 40 μW | Nerve stimulation | Contact-separation |
2019 [51] | Muscle, rabbit | 1.5 × 2 | Titanium | Muscle vibration | 80 nA | Biomedical monitoring | Contact-separation |
2018 [52] | Heart, pig | 1.0 × 1.5 | Al, PTFE PDMS | Heart beating | 6.2 V | EP monitoring | Contact-separation |
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Zhao, Z.; Lu, Y.; Mi, Y.; Meng, J.; Wang, X.; Cao, X.; Wang, N. Adaptive Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Long-Term Self-Treatment: A Review. Biosensors 2022, 12, 1127. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12121127
Zhao Z, Lu Y, Mi Y, Meng J, Wang X, Cao X, Wang N. Adaptive Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Long-Term Self-Treatment: A Review. Biosensors. 2022; 12(12):1127. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12121127
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhao, Zequan, Yin Lu, Yajun Mi, Jiajing Meng, Xueqing Wang, Xia Cao, and Ning Wang. 2022. "Adaptive Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Long-Term Self-Treatment: A Review" Biosensors 12, no. 12: 1127. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12121127