Nerve Growth Factor, Antimicrobial Peptides and Chemotherapy: Glioblastoma Combination Therapy to Improve Their Efficacy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Pharmacological Agents, Chemicals, Peptides, and Reagents
2.2. Cell Culture
2.3. Concentrations of Compounds
2.4. MTT Assay
2.5. Assessment of Drug-Concentration Effect and Calculation of the Combination Index
2.6. Assessment of Cell Viability with Flow Cytometry Using YO-PRO-1 and PI
2.7. Caspase Activation Analysis
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Sensitivity of U251GBM Cells to NGF, LL-37, PG-1, and Chemotherapy and IC50 Calculation
3.2. The Combination Index (CI) and Anti-Tumor Activity of Combined Treatment of NGF, LL-37, and PG-1 with Chemotherapy
3.3. Cell Apoptosis Detected with Flow Cytometry
3.4. Activation of Caspase-3 on U251 Cells
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Compounds | N | Monotherapy, IC50 µM | NGF + Chemotherapy, IC50 µM | LL37 + Chemotherapy, IC50 µM | PG1 + Chemotherapy, IC50 µM |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MTT test | |||||
Doxorubicin | 3 | 1554.98 ± 207.5 | 600.5 ± 55.75 | 5265.5 ± 1031.0 | 730.9 ± 12.43 |
Carboplatin | 3 | 3652.9 ± 670.8 | 2880.6 ± 275.5 | 3513.3 ± 493.0 | 2938.9 ± 529.7 |
Temozolomide | 3 | 1725.7 ± 494.0 | 16,804.0 ± 937.4 | 4007.0 ± 365.5 | 9761.7 ± 997.0 |
Cisplatin | 3 | 371.5 ± 23.50 | 207.4 ± 8.477 | 869 ± 107.5 | 237.9 ± 29.83 |
Etoposide | 3 | 25.90 ± 0.61 | 13.7 ± 0.1129 | 17.9 ± 3.03 | 17.0 ± 1.80 |
NGF (nM) | 3 | 2.14 ± 5.0 | |||
LL-37 | 3 | 3.1 ± 0.4063 | |||
PG-1 | 3 | 26.1 ± 7.6 |
Compounds | PG1 + Chemotherapy | LL37 + Chemotherapy | NGF + Chemotherapy |
---|---|---|---|
MTT test | |||
Doxorubicin | 0.94 additivity | 188.6 very strong antagonism | 2.42 antagonism |
Carboplatin | 1.46 antagonism | 4.31 strong antagonism | 2.69 antagonism |
Temozolomide | 6.04 strong antagonism | 8.95 strong antagonism | 9.73 strong antagonism |
Cisplatin | 1.38 antagonism | 2.67 antagonism | 2.78 antagonism |
Etoposide | 0.65 synergy | 1.85 antagonism | 2.34 antagonism |
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Chernov, A.; Kudryavtsev, I.; Komlev, A.; Alaverdian, D.; Tsapieva, A.; Galimova, E.; Shamova, O. Nerve Growth Factor, Antimicrobial Peptides and Chemotherapy: Glioblastoma Combination Therapy to Improve Their Efficacy. Biomedicines 2023, 11, 3009. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11113009
Chernov A, Kudryavtsev I, Komlev A, Alaverdian D, Tsapieva A, Galimova E, Shamova O. Nerve Growth Factor, Antimicrobial Peptides and Chemotherapy: Glioblastoma Combination Therapy to Improve Their Efficacy. Biomedicines. 2023; 11(11):3009. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11113009
Chicago/Turabian StyleChernov, Alexandr, Igor Kudryavtsev, Aleksei Komlev, Diana Alaverdian, Anna Tsapieva, Elvira Galimova, and Olga Shamova. 2023. "Nerve Growth Factor, Antimicrobial Peptides and Chemotherapy: Glioblastoma Combination Therapy to Improve Their Efficacy" Biomedicines 11, no. 11: 3009. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11113009