Archaeozoological study of the circular sanctuary of the Perevolotsk burial mound in the Orenburg Cis-Urals
Irina M. Grigorieva, Postgraduate Student
Orenburg State Pedagogical University, Orenburg, Russia, irinasosnovtceva1996@yandex.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9314-8562
Natalia V. Roslyakova, Candidate of Historical Sciences, Senior Researcher
Samara State Social-Pedagogical University, Samara, Russia, roslyakova_n@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1888-2713
Evgeny A. Kuptsov,Researcher
Orenburg State Pedagogical University, Orenburg, Russia, e-kuptsov@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0890-2124
Abstract
This paper publishes the results of archaeozoological study of animal bones from the circular sanctuary barrow No. 6 of Perevolotsk burial mound located in Perevolotsk district of the Orenburg region. The species and anatomical composition of animals is presented. Dimensions of bones of distal parts of horse and cattle limbs are given. Based on the dimensions of the metacarpal bones of horses, the reconstruction of their supposed exteriors has been made. All identifiable bones belong to three animal species — horse, cattle, and camel. Most of the bone remains belong to the horse. The collection lacks bones of small cattle and wild animals found in other burial grounds of the Sarmatian culture. At least fourteen horses, three bulls and two camels were slaughtered during the ritual actions. Analysis of a few inventories allows us to date the time of the construction of a circular sanctuary near the village Perevolotsky within the end of V — IV centuries BC.
Grigorieva I. M., Roslyakova N. V., Kuptsov E. A. Archaeozoological study of the circular sanctuary of the Perevolotsk burial mound in the Orenburg Cis-Urals. Vestnik of Orenburg State Pedagogical University. Electronic Scientific Journal, 2023, no. 2 (46), pp. 169—186. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32516/2303-9922.2023.46.12.
1. Antipina E. E. Arkheozoologicheskie issledovaniya: zadachi, potentsial’nye vozmozhnosti i real’nye rezul’taty [Archaeological research: tasks, potentialities and real results]. Noveishie arkheozoologicheskie issledovaniya v Rossii: K stoletiyu so dnya rozhdeniya V. I. Tsalkina: sb. statei. [The latest archeological research in Russia: On the centenary of the birth of V. I. Tsalkin. Coll. articles]. Moscow, Yazyki slavyanskoi kul’tury Publ., 2004, pp. 7— 33. (In Russian)
2. Bokovenko N. A., Plasteeva N. A., Tishkin A. A. Loshadi iz kurgana Arzhan-1: rezul’taty arkheologicheskikh issledovanii i morfologicheskii analiz sokhranivsheisya arkheologicheskoi kollektsii [Horses from the Arzhan-1 Mound: Results of Archaeological Research and Morphometric Analysis of the Preserved Osteological Collection]. Povolzhskaya arkheologiya — The Volga River Region Archaeology, 2020, no. 3 (33), pp. 217—230. (In Russian)
3. Brauner A. A. Materialy k poznaniyu domashnikh zhivotnykh Rossii [Materials for the research on domestic animals in Russia]. Odessa, 1916. 184 p., [13] l. tabl. (Zapiski Imperatorskogo obshchestva sel’skogo khozyaistva Yuzhnoi Rossii, vol. 86, book 1). (In Russian)
4. Vitt V. O. Loshadi Pazyrykskikh kurganov [Horses of the Pazyryk mounds]. Sovetskaya arkheologiya, 1952, no. 16, pp. 163—205. (In Russian)
5. Korneven Sh., Lesbr F.-K. Raspoznavanie vozrasta po zubam i proizvodnym epiteliya: Loshadi, korovy, sobaki… Per. s fr. L. A. Tret’yakova. 3-e izd. [Age recognition by teeth and epithelial derivatives: Horses, cows, dogs… Transl. from Fr. by L. A. Tretyakov. 3rd ed.]. Moscow, Librokom Publ., 2011. 256 p. (In Russian)
6. Kosintsev P. A. Fauna pozvonochnykh iz svyatilishch rannego zheleznogo veka na plato Ustyurt [Vertebrate fauna from the sanctuaries of the early Iron Age on the Ustyurt plateau]. Drevnie svyatilishcha Ustyurta i Vostochnogo Priaral’ya [Ancient sanctuaries of Ustyurt and the Eastern Aral Sea region]. Almaty, Institut arkheologii im. A. Kh. Margulana Publ., 2017, pp. 301—319. (In Russian)
7. Luk’yanovskii V. A., Belov A. D., Belyakov I. M. Bolezni kostnoi sistemy zhivotnykh [Diseases of the skeletal system of animals]. Moscow, Kolos Publ., 1984. 254 p. (In Russian)
8. Morgunova N. L. Otchet o raskopkakh Perevolotskogo kurgannogo mogil’nika v Perevolotskom raione Orenburgskoi oblasti v 2012—2013 gg. [Report on the excavations of the Perevolotsk burial mound in the Perevolotsk district of the Orenburg region in 2012—2013]. Arkhiv Arkheologicheskoi laboratorii OGPU [Archive of the Archaeological Laboratory of the Orenburg State Pedagogical University]. F. 2. Op. 1. (In Russian)
9. Morgunova N. L., Evgen’ev A. A., Kryukova E. A., Kuptsova L. V., Kharlamov P. V., Faizullin I. A. Perevolotskii kurgannyi mogil’nik v Orenburgskoi oblasti: predvaritel’nye rezul’taty issledovaniya [Perevolotsk burial mound in the Orenburg region: preliminary results of the study]. Arkheologicheskie pamyatniki Orenburzh’ya: sb. nauch. tr. Pod red. N. L. Morgunovoi [Archaeological monuments of the Orenburg region. Coll. sci. articles. Ed. by N. L. Morgunova]. Orenburg, IPK “Universitet” Publ., 2016, is. 12, pp. 21—51. (In Russian)
10. Morgunova N. L., Kuptsov E. A. Issledovanie kol’tsevogo svyatilishcha sarmatskoi kul’tury u poselka Perevolotskogo (predvaritel’nye rezul’taty) [Study of the circular sanctuary of the Sarmatian culture near the village Perevolotsky (preliminary results)]. Etnicheskie vzaimodeistviya na Yuzhnom Urale. Sarmaty i ikh okruzhenie: materialy VII Vseros. (s mezhdunar. uchastiem) nauch. konf. Otv. red. A. D. Tairov [Ethnic interactions in the Southern Urals. Sarmatians and their environment. Proceed. of the VII All-Russia (with International participation) sci. conf. Ed. by A. D. Tairov]. Chelyabinsk, 2017, pp. 80—85. (In Russian)
11. Morgunova N. L., Kuptsov E. A. Kol’tsevoe svyatilishche sarmatskoi kul’tury u poselka Perevolotskii [Circular sanctuary of the Sarmatian culture near the village Perevolotsky]. Evraziiskii perekrestok — Eurasian Crossroads, Orenburg, IPK “Universitet” Publ., 2018, is. 9, pp. 19—29. (In Russian)
12. Morgunova N. L., Trunaeva T. N. Raskopki kurgana 2 mogil’nika Pokrovka 2 v 1991 godu [Excavations of mound 2 of the Pokrovka 2 burial ground in 1991]. Kurgany levoberezhnogo Ileka [Mounds of the Ilek left-bank]. Moscow, 1993, is. 1, pp. 15—17. (In Russian)
13. Pshenichnyuk A. Kh. Filippovka: Nekropol’ kochevoi znati IV veka do n.e. na Yuzhnom Urale [Filippovka: Necropolis of the nomadic nobility of the 4th century BC in the Southern Urals]. Ufa, IIYaL UNTs RAN Publ., 2012. 287 p. (In Russian)
14. Roslyakova N. V., Grigor’eva I. M. Kostnye ostatki zhivotnykh iz “kurgana-svyatilishcha” mogil’nika Filippovka II [Bone remains of animals from the “sanctuary mound” of the Filippovka II burial ground]. Arkheologiya rannikh kochevnikov Evrazii [Archeology of the early nomads of Eurasia]. Samara, 2021, is. 2, pp. 87—93. (In Russian)
15. Spasskaya N. N., Kantorovich A. R., Maslov V. E., Petrenko V. G., Belinskii A. B., Vasil’eva E. E., Kolpakova A. V., Moshinskii A. P., Ryabkova T. V., Sablin M. V., Shishlov A. V., Fedorenko N. V., Pavlinov I. Ya. Ekster’ernye osobennosti loshadei skifskogo vremeni iz arkheologicheskikh pamyatnikov Severnogo Kavkaza [Exterior features of horses of the Scythian time from the archaeological sites of the North Caucasus]. Stratum Plus, 2021, no. 3, pp. 63—120. DOI: 10.55086/sp21363120. (In Russian)
16. Tsalkin V. I. Izmenchivost’ metapodii i ee znachenie dlya izucheniya krupnogo rogatogo skota drevnosti [Metapodial variability and its significance for the study of ancient cattle]. Byulleten’ Moskovskogo obshchestva ispytatelei prirody. Otd. Biol., 1960, vol. 65, is. 1, pp. 109—125. (In Russian)
17. Yablonskii L. T. Kurgan-svyatilishche mogil’nika Filippovka-2, rol’ i mesto zhivotnykh v pogrebal’nom obryade [The mound-sanctuary of the Filippovka-2 burial ground, the role and place of animals in the funeral rite]. Arkheologiya vostochno-evropeiskoi stepi. Red. V. A. Lopatin [Archeology of the East European steppe. Ed. by V. A. Lopatin]. Saratov, SGU Publ., 2013, is. 10, pp. 305—311. (In Russian)
18. Yavorskaya L. V. Pogrebal’nye ritualy po arkheozoologicheskim materialam [Funeral rituals based on archaeozoological materials]. Kurgany bronzovogo veka v izluchine Dona (opyt kompleksnykh arkheologicheskikh i estestvennonauchnykh issledovanii), otv. red. A. S. Skripkin [Mounds of the Bronze Age in the bend of the Don (experience of complex archaeological and natural science research). Ed. by A. S. Skripkin]. Volgograd, Volgogr. filial RANKhiGS Publ., 2012, pp. 116—126. (In Russian)
19. Eisenmann V., Alberdi M. T., de Giuli G., Staesche U. Studying fossil horses. Vol. 1: Methodology. Collected papers after the New York International Hipparion Conference (1981, New York). Leiden, New York, København, Köln, E. J. Brill, 1988. 71 p.
20. Grant A. The use of Tooth Wear as a Guide to the Age of Domestic Ungulates. Ageing and Sexing Animal Bones from Archaeological Sites. Ed. by B. Wilson, C. Grigson & S. Payne. Oxford, England, BAR British series, 1982, vol. 109, pp. 91—108.
21. Driesch A., von den. A Guide to the Measurement of Animal Bones from Archaeological Sites. Harvard University, 1976. 136 p. (Peabody Museum Bulletin, no. 1).
22. Levine M. A. The use of crown height measurements and eruption-wear sequences to age horse teeth. Ageing and Sexing Animal Bones from Archaeological Sites. Ed. by B. Wilson, C. Grigson & S. Payne. Oxford, England, BAR British series, 1982, vol. 109, pp. 223—250.
23. Silver I. The ageing of domestic animals. Science in archaeology: a survey of progress and research, D. R. Brothwell, E. S. Higgs, G. Clark (eds.). London, Thames and Hudson, 1969, pp. 283—302.