Abstract
References
- Bukowska M, Essick G, Trulsson M. Functional properties of low-threshold mechanoreceptive afferents in the human labial mucosa. Exp Brain Res 2010; 201: 59-64.
- Aydın M, Bayram E, Atalay C, et al. The role of neuron numbers of the petrosal ganglion in the determination of blood pressure: an experimental study. Minim Invasive Neurosurg 2006; 49: 359-61.
- Aydın M, Dane S, Gündoğdu C, Gursan N. Neurodegenerative effects of monopolar electrocauterization on spinal ganglia in lumbar disc surgery. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2004; 146: 1125-9.
- Singh GP. Anatomy of Trigeminal Nerve. In Rath GP (ed). Handbook of Trigeminal Neuralgia. Singapore: Springer; 2019: 11-22.
- Aygül R, Aydın MD, Kotan D, et al. Role of the trigeminal system on posterior communicating artery remodelization after bilateral common carotid artery ligation. Anal Quant Cytopathol Histopathol 2013; 35: 217-25.
- Bederson JB, Germano IM, Guarino L. Cortical blood flow and cerebral perfusion pressure in a new noncraniotomy model of subarachnoid hemorrhage in the rat. Stroke 1995; 26: 1086-92.
- Panneton WM, Klein BG, Jacquin MF. Trigeminal projections to contralateral dorsal horn originate in midline hairy skin. Somatosens Mot Res 1991; 8: 165-73.
- David SK, Cheney ML. An anatomic study of the temporoparietal fascial flap. Archives of Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1995; 121: 1153-6.
- Kanat A, Yılmaz A, Aydın MD, Musluman M, Altas S, Gursan N. Role of degenerated neuron density of dorsal root ganglion on anterior spinal artery vasospasm in subarachnoid hemorrhage: experimental study. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2010; 152: 2167-72.
- Özdemir NG, Aydın MD, Yolas C, et al. Predictive role of external carotid artery vasospasm on cerebral ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage: experimental study. Turk Neurosurg 2017; 27: 874-83.
- Svendgaard N-A, Arbab MA-R, Delgado-Zygmunt T, Shiokawa Y. Trigeminal afferents and brainstem centers involved in the occurrence of cerebral vasospasm. Neurol Res 1996; 18: 394-400.
- Aydın MD, Serarslan Y, Gündoğdu C, et al. The relationship between the neuron density of the trigeminal ganglion and the posterior communicating artery vasospasm in subarachnoid hemorrhage: an experimental Study. Neurosurg Q 2012; 22: 1-6.
- Cutting CB, McCarthy JG, Berenstein A. Blood supply of the upper craniofacial skeleton: the search for composite calvarial bone flaps. Plast Reconstr Surg 1984; 74: 603-10.
- Kleintjes WG. Forehead anatomy: arterial variations and venous link of the midline forehead flap. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2007; 60: 593-606.
- Svendgaard NA, Arbab MA, Delgado-Zygmunt T, Shiokawa Y. Trigeminal afferents and brainstem centers involved in the occurrence of cerebral vasospasm. Neurol Res 1996; 18: 394-400.
- Moskowitz MA, Buzzi MG, Sakas DE, Linnik MD. Pain mechanisms underlying vascular headaches. Progress Report 1989. Rev Neurol (Paris) 1989; 145: 181-93.
- Burstein R, Levy D, Jakubowski M. Effects of sensitization of trigeminovascular neurons to triptan therapy during migraine. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2005; 161: 658-60.
- Zhang X, Yang N, Liu X, et al. Autonomic reinnervation and functional regeneration in autologous transplanted submandibular glands in patients with severe keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Int J Oral Sci 2018; 10: 14.
- Shustova TI, Taiushev KG. [Changes in the cerebrovascular adrenergic innervation and the neurons of the locus coeruleus in the brain stem during action on the hypothalamus]. Morfologiia 1995; 108: 15-20.
- Flügel-Koch C, Kaufman P, Lütjen-Drecoll E. Association of a choroidal ganglion cell plexus with the fovea centralis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1994; 35: 4268-72.
- Yılmaz A, Gündoğdu C, Aydin MD, Musluman M, Kanat A, Aydın Y. Trigeminal ganglion neuron density and regulation of anterior choroid artery vasospasm: In a rabbit model of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Surg Neurol Int 2011; 2: 77.
- Niijima KH, Kondo A, Ishikawa J, Kim C, Itoh H. Familial osteodysplasia associated with trigeminal neuralgia: case report. Neurosurgery 1984; 15: 562-5.
- Spaziante R, Cappabianca P, Peca C, de Divitiis E. Subarachnoid hemorrhage and “normal pressure hydrocephalus”: fatal complication of percutaneous microcompression of the gasserian ganglion: Case report. Neurosurgery 1988; 22: 148-51.
- Fisher JP, Fernandes IA, Barbosa TC, et al. Diving and exercise: the interaction of trigeminal receptors and muscle metaboreceptors on muscle sympathetic nerve activity in humans. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 308: H367-75.
- Piccolo V, Russo T, Bove D, Baroni A. Segmental immune disorders resulting from neurologic injuries. Clin Dermatol 2014; 32: 628-32.
- Urban PP, Keilmann A, Teichmann EM, Hopf HC. Sensory neuropathy of the trigeminal, glossopharyngeal, and vagal nerves in Sjögren's syndrome. J Neurol Sci 2001; 186: 59-63.
- Bedrin KO, Dougherty C. Cephalgia Alopecia. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2020; 24: 46.
- Bassilios Habre S, Depew JB, Wallace RD, Konofaos P. Painful neuroma treatment of the supraorbital nerve and forehead neurotization using human cadaveric nerve allograft. J Craniofac Surg 2018; 29: 1023-5.
- Crotty K, McCarthy W, Quinn M, McCarthy S. Alopecia neoplastica caused by desmoplastic melanoma. Australas J Dermatol 2003; 44: 295-8.
- Nordin M. Intrafascicular recordings of afferent multi-unit activity from the human supraorbital nerve. Acta Physiol Scand 1994; 151: 507-14.
- Manfredi M, Berardelli A, Cruccu G, Fabiano F. Corneal reflex in normal and pathological subjects. Rev Neurol (Paris) 1985; 141: 216-21.
- Baek RM, Eun SC, Heo CY, Chang H. Experimental facial transplantation surgery. J Craniofac Surg 2010; 21: 648-51.
- Siemionow M, Gharb BB, Rampazzo A. Pathways of sensory recovery after face transplantation. Plast Reconstr Surg 2011; 127: 1875-89.
- Ebel H, Schomäcker K, Balogh A, et al. High cervical spinal cord stimulation (CSCS) increases regional cerebral blood flow after induced subarachnoid haemorrhage in rats. Minim Invasive Neurosurg 2001; 44: 167-71.
Abstract
Aim: Scalp hairs are mainly innervated by sensitive fibers of trigeminal nerves. Ischemic neurodegeneration of trigeminal ganglion can cause denervation injury of scalp hairs. We investigated if there is a relationship between the degenerated neuron densities of trigeminal ganglion neuron densities and the numbers of degenerated hair follicles numbers following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).
Material and Method: Five normal (n=5), five SHAM (n=5), and ten (n=10) male rabbits were chosen from formerly experimental SAH created by cisternal homologous blood injection (0.75cc) group, which followed for three weeks. Degenerated neuron numbers of trigeminal ganglion and atrophic hair follicles numbers in the frontal areas of the scalp were examined by stereological methods. Degenerated neuron densities of trigeminal ganglions and atrophic hair follicles numbers were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U test.
Results: The mean degenerated neuron densities trigeminal ganglions (n/mm3) and atrophic hair follicles (n/mm2) were determined as 5±2/m3 and12±4/mm2 in control; 12±3/m3 and 41±8/mm2 in Sham and, 168±23/m3 and 79±14/mm2 in the study group (p>0.001). In the post-hoc analysis, all groups differed significantly from each other. A linear association was observed between the degenerated neuron densities of trigeminal ganglions and atrophic hair follicles (r: 0.343, p: 0.007).
Conclusion: Trigeminal ganglion neurodegeneration may be an essential factor in hair follicles atrophy after SAH, which has not been mentioned in the literature so far.
References
- Bukowska M, Essick G, Trulsson M. Functional properties of low-threshold mechanoreceptive afferents in the human labial mucosa. Exp Brain Res 2010; 201: 59-64.
- Aydın M, Bayram E, Atalay C, et al. The role of neuron numbers of the petrosal ganglion in the determination of blood pressure: an experimental study. Minim Invasive Neurosurg 2006; 49: 359-61.
- Aydın M, Dane S, Gündoğdu C, Gursan N. Neurodegenerative effects of monopolar electrocauterization on spinal ganglia in lumbar disc surgery. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2004; 146: 1125-9.
- Singh GP. Anatomy of Trigeminal Nerve. In Rath GP (ed). Handbook of Trigeminal Neuralgia. Singapore: Springer; 2019: 11-22.
- Aygül R, Aydın MD, Kotan D, et al. Role of the trigeminal system on posterior communicating artery remodelization after bilateral common carotid artery ligation. Anal Quant Cytopathol Histopathol 2013; 35: 217-25.
- Bederson JB, Germano IM, Guarino L. Cortical blood flow and cerebral perfusion pressure in a new noncraniotomy model of subarachnoid hemorrhage in the rat. Stroke 1995; 26: 1086-92.
- Panneton WM, Klein BG, Jacquin MF. Trigeminal projections to contralateral dorsal horn originate in midline hairy skin. Somatosens Mot Res 1991; 8: 165-73.
- David SK, Cheney ML. An anatomic study of the temporoparietal fascial flap. Archives of Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1995; 121: 1153-6.
- Kanat A, Yılmaz A, Aydın MD, Musluman M, Altas S, Gursan N. Role of degenerated neuron density of dorsal root ganglion on anterior spinal artery vasospasm in subarachnoid hemorrhage: experimental study. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2010; 152: 2167-72.
- Özdemir NG, Aydın MD, Yolas C, et al. Predictive role of external carotid artery vasospasm on cerebral ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage: experimental study. Turk Neurosurg 2017; 27: 874-83.
- Svendgaard N-A, Arbab MA-R, Delgado-Zygmunt T, Shiokawa Y. Trigeminal afferents and brainstem centers involved in the occurrence of cerebral vasospasm. Neurol Res 1996; 18: 394-400.
- Aydın MD, Serarslan Y, Gündoğdu C, et al. The relationship between the neuron density of the trigeminal ganglion and the posterior communicating artery vasospasm in subarachnoid hemorrhage: an experimental Study. Neurosurg Q 2012; 22: 1-6.
- Cutting CB, McCarthy JG, Berenstein A. Blood supply of the upper craniofacial skeleton: the search for composite calvarial bone flaps. Plast Reconstr Surg 1984; 74: 603-10.
- Kleintjes WG. Forehead anatomy: arterial variations and venous link of the midline forehead flap. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2007; 60: 593-606.
- Svendgaard NA, Arbab MA, Delgado-Zygmunt T, Shiokawa Y. Trigeminal afferents and brainstem centers involved in the occurrence of cerebral vasospasm. Neurol Res 1996; 18: 394-400.
- Moskowitz MA, Buzzi MG, Sakas DE, Linnik MD. Pain mechanisms underlying vascular headaches. Progress Report 1989. Rev Neurol (Paris) 1989; 145: 181-93.
- Burstein R, Levy D, Jakubowski M. Effects of sensitization of trigeminovascular neurons to triptan therapy during migraine. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2005; 161: 658-60.
- Zhang X, Yang N, Liu X, et al. Autonomic reinnervation and functional regeneration in autologous transplanted submandibular glands in patients with severe keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Int J Oral Sci 2018; 10: 14.
- Shustova TI, Taiushev KG. [Changes in the cerebrovascular adrenergic innervation and the neurons of the locus coeruleus in the brain stem during action on the hypothalamus]. Morfologiia 1995; 108: 15-20.
- Flügel-Koch C, Kaufman P, Lütjen-Drecoll E. Association of a choroidal ganglion cell plexus with the fovea centralis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1994; 35: 4268-72.
- Yılmaz A, Gündoğdu C, Aydin MD, Musluman M, Kanat A, Aydın Y. Trigeminal ganglion neuron density and regulation of anterior choroid artery vasospasm: In a rabbit model of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Surg Neurol Int 2011; 2: 77.
- Niijima KH, Kondo A, Ishikawa J, Kim C, Itoh H. Familial osteodysplasia associated with trigeminal neuralgia: case report. Neurosurgery 1984; 15: 562-5.
- Spaziante R, Cappabianca P, Peca C, de Divitiis E. Subarachnoid hemorrhage and “normal pressure hydrocephalus”: fatal complication of percutaneous microcompression of the gasserian ganglion: Case report. Neurosurgery 1988; 22: 148-51.
- Fisher JP, Fernandes IA, Barbosa TC, et al. Diving and exercise: the interaction of trigeminal receptors and muscle metaboreceptors on muscle sympathetic nerve activity in humans. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 308: H367-75.
- Piccolo V, Russo T, Bove D, Baroni A. Segmental immune disorders resulting from neurologic injuries. Clin Dermatol 2014; 32: 628-32.
- Urban PP, Keilmann A, Teichmann EM, Hopf HC. Sensory neuropathy of the trigeminal, glossopharyngeal, and vagal nerves in Sjögren's syndrome. J Neurol Sci 2001; 186: 59-63.
- Bedrin KO, Dougherty C. Cephalgia Alopecia. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2020; 24: 46.
- Bassilios Habre S, Depew JB, Wallace RD, Konofaos P. Painful neuroma treatment of the supraorbital nerve and forehead neurotization using human cadaveric nerve allograft. J Craniofac Surg 2018; 29: 1023-5.
- Crotty K, McCarthy W, Quinn M, McCarthy S. Alopecia neoplastica caused by desmoplastic melanoma. Australas J Dermatol 2003; 44: 295-8.
- Nordin M. Intrafascicular recordings of afferent multi-unit activity from the human supraorbital nerve. Acta Physiol Scand 1994; 151: 507-14.
- Manfredi M, Berardelli A, Cruccu G, Fabiano F. Corneal reflex in normal and pathological subjects. Rev Neurol (Paris) 1985; 141: 216-21.
- Baek RM, Eun SC, Heo CY, Chang H. Experimental facial transplantation surgery. J Craniofac Surg 2010; 21: 648-51.
- Siemionow M, Gharb BB, Rampazzo A. Pathways of sensory recovery after face transplantation. Plast Reconstr Surg 2011; 127: 1875-89.
- Ebel H, Schomäcker K, Balogh A, et al. High cervical spinal cord stimulation (CSCS) increases regional cerebral blood flow after induced subarachnoid haemorrhage in rats. Minim Invasive Neurosurg 2001; 44: 167-71.
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| Subjects | Health Care Administration |
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| Publication Date | July 20, 2022 |
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