A shaking table test of full-scale 4-story building was conducted at E-Defense in order to evaluate the structural and functional performances of a steel frame not only under design level but also under ground motion over design level. This paper presents the collapse behavior of a steel frame after steel members reached the maximum strength. The collapse mechanizm was changed from the whole-collapse type to the story-collapse type by deterioration of columns caused by local buckling. Finally, the specimen collapsed at the first story by Takatori original records. From a series of results, the detail data of collapse behavior is obtained.